Exposure of Reproductively Maturing Rainbow Trout to a New Zealand Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent

Heuvel, Michael R. van den; Ellis, Rosanne J.; Tremblay, Louis A.; Stuthridge, Trevor R.

doi:10.1006/eesa.2001.2130

Cited by 46 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 38 publications

(19 reference statements)

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“…The exposure had no subsequent effect on testes development or secondary sexual characteristics in males. Four previous experiments with juvenile [18] and male rainbow trout [21] failed to show induction of vitellogenin. The presence of estrogenic compounds likely is sporadic in pulp mill effluents, and they could possibly be sourced from cleaning agents used from time to time within the mill.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of exposure to a pulp and paper effluent influences the manifestation of reproductive effects in rainbow trout

Heuvel

Ellis

2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Rainbow trout were exposed to a secondary treated, thermomechanical/bleached kraft pulp and paper effluent in 12,000-L, flow-through exposure tanks at an environmental research facility located at a pulp and paper mill in Kawerau, New Zealand. Trout (age, 2+ years) were obtained from a local hatchery and exposed either to upstream river water or a nominal concentration of 12% (v/v) effluent diluted in upstream river water. Three treatment groups were used: Effluent exposure that started approximately three months before gonadal growth (eight-month total exposure), effluent exposure that started approximately halfway through gonadal development (two-month total exposure), and trout exposed to reference water alone for the total duration of the experiment. Trout were sacrificed just before spawning; exposure, growth, and reproductive endpoints were assessed during and at the termination of the experiment. Reduction in growth was observed in both sexes in the eight-month treatment group relative to the river water reference treatment group. No differences were observed in condition factor or liver size in either treatment. Females in the eight-month exposure group also had significantly lower ovary weight. The two-month exposure group showed no differences from the reference group in growth or somatic indices. Estradiol and testosterone were reduced in blood samples taken from the eight-month exposure group by four months into the experiment as compared to the reference treatment. Steroid and vitellogenin levels in individual female trout from this treatment were significantly correlated with gonadosomatic indices (GSI) measured at the termination of the experiment. The GSI was not correlated strongly or consistently with pregnenolone, nor were any treatment-related pregnenolone differences observed, indicating that the steroid hormone reductions likely were not related to cholesterol side-chain cleavage. Male trout showed significant induction of vitellogenin and lower 11-ketotestosterone during the experiment (only the eight-month group was examined), but this did not result in any significant differences in testes development. Thus, this study has shown an impact of pulp mill effluent exposure on the reproductive physiology of female trout that appeared to be hormonally mediated. Furthermore, the effect could only be manifest when the exposure was initiated before the start of gonad development.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Timing of exposure to a pulp and paper effluent influences the manifestation of reproductive effects in rainbow trout

Heuvel

Ellis

2002

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Despite the long list of laboratory and field experimental reports associated with fish exposure to pulp and paper mill effluents, a clear relationship between industrial manufacturing processes or type of effluent treatments and specific reproductive effects still remains unclear. Changes in secondary sexual characteristics, such as masculinization of female mosquitofish [5][6][7], have been used to demonstrate the efficiency of technological improvements in pulp mill industrial processes and treatments. Changes in secondary sexual characteristics, such as masculinization of female mosquitofish [5][6][7], have been used to demonstrate the efficiency of technological improvements in pulp mill industrial processes and treatments.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Pulp and paper mill effluent treatments have differential endocrine‐disrupting effects on rainbow trout

Orrego

Guchardi

Hernández

et al. 2009

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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Endocrine disruption (ED) effects due to pulp and paper mill effluents extracts involving different industrial procedures and effluent treatments (nontreated, primary, and secondary treated) were evaluated using immature triploid rainbow trout in a pulse-exposure toxicity experiment. The protocol involved the use of intraperitoneal injection of mill extracts (solid-phase extraction [SPE]) corrected for individual fish weight and included several laboratory standards (steroidal hormones and phytosterols). Biological endpoints at two different levels of biological organization were analyzed (molecular and individual organism). Results indicated that nonsignificant changes were observed in the individual physiological indices represented by condition factor, liver somatic index, and gonad somatic index during the experiment. Significant induction of liver ethoxyresorufin-O-deethylase activity was observed between different effluent treatments and experimental controls. Significant endocrine-disrupting effects at the reproductive level were observed in all effluent treatments involving significant increments in plasma vitellogenin (VTG) levels. Fish exposed to untreated effluent extracts had significantly higher VTG levels compared to fish exposed to primary and secondary treatment effluent extracts, indicating a decrease of the estrogenic effect due to the effluent treatment. The present study has shown that for the Chilean pulp and paper mill SPE extracts evaluated, an endocrine disruption effect was induced in immature triploid rainbow, reaffirming the significant estrogenic effects demonstrated previously in laboratory and field experiments.

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“…Observations of inflammatory alterations in the vicinity of necrotic foci suggest that the degenerative changes are more than likely the result of exposure to the chemicals. [31], reported an increased prevalence of skin pathologies (caudal fin erosion) and proliferative changes (epithelial and chloride cell) to the gills of yellow perch were associated with long-term exposure (3-10 months) to reclaimed sites containing elevated levels of oil sands constituents (Naphthenic acids [NAs] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). Mucous cells proliferation of yellow perch from oil sands reclaimed environments following longer residency periods has also been observed [31].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[31], reported an increased prevalence of skin pathologies (caudal fin erosion) and proliferative changes (epithelial and chloride cell) to the gills of yellow perch were associated with long-term exposure (3-10 months) to reclaimed sites containing elevated levels of oil sands constituents (Naphthenic acids [NAs] and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]). Mucous cells proliferation of yellow perch from oil sands reclaimed environments following longer residency periods has also been observed [31]. The histopathological alterations observed in gills and liver of Corydoras paleatus after exposure to sublethal dose of organophosphate methyl parathion included: epithelial hyperplasia in the respiratory lamellae, edema and detachment of the epithelial cells.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Histopathology of liver and gill of C.gariepinus– (Burchell 1822) with swollen abdomen following exposure to acute and sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl

Ogueji¹,

Usman²,

Auta³

2013

International Journal of Basic and Applied Sciences

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Chlorpyrifos-ethyl, an organophosphate insecticide, was evaluated for its histopathological effects on African catfish Clarias gariepinus, by light microscopy. Juveniles were exposed to acute (0.64mg/l, 0.80mg/l, 0.96mg/l, 1.12mg/l, 1.28mg/l, and a control) and sublethal (0.045mg/l, 0.096mg/l and 0.192mg/l and control) concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl for a duration of 96hrs and 8 weeks respectively. The gills and liver samples of control and treated fish with swollen abdomen were removed at the end of 96hrs and 8 weeks durations of exposure for histological examinations. No degenerations were observed in the control samples. The highest acute and sub-lethal doses of the toxicant induced occasionally on the fish, morphological degeneration characterized by swollen abdomen. The histopathological degenerations in the gill was characterized as mucous cell secretion in the gill, lamella hyperplasia/hypertrophy, oedema, occlusion of inter-lamella spaces; Degenerations in the liver included: enlargement of sinusoids, massive infiltration of sinusoidal spaces and central vein by mono and polymorphonuclear leukocytes and RBC's, pyknotic nuclei and coagulation necrosis. Fish health was negatively affected.

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Exposure of Reproductively Maturing Rainbow Trout to a New Zealand Pulp and Paper Mill Effluent

Cited by 46 publications

References 38 publications

Timing of exposure to a pulp and paper effluent influences the manifestation of reproductive effects in rainbow trout

Timing of exposure to a pulp and paper effluent influences the manifestation of reproductive effects in rainbow trout

Pulp and paper mill effluent treatments have differential endocrine‐disrupting effects on rainbow trout

Histopathology of liver and gill of C.gariepinus– (Burchell 1822) with swollen abdomen following exposure to acute and sublethal concentrations of chlorpyrifos-ethyl

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