Exposure of passerine birds to brodifacoum during management of Norway rats on farms

Walther, Bernd; Geduhn, Anke; Schenke, Detlef; Jacob, Jens

doi:10.1016/j.scitotenv.2020.144160

Cited by 16 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 51 publications

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“…A recent study from the Canadian province of Ontario reported similar results to those of the present study, with zero or low incidence of SGARs in sharp-shinned hawks and falcons but higher incidence in Cooper's hawks (Thornton et al, 2022). However, northern goshawks collected from Berlin, Germany, had the greatest SGAR incidence and concentrations among collected species; and the authors of that study speculated that the pathway was likely via passerine birds entering bait stations (Badry et al, 2021), as reported in Walther et al (2020).…”

Section: Species and Exposure Patternssupporting

confidence: 88%

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Contamination of Terrestrial Birds of Prey from Western Canada: Patterns and Trends, 1988–2018

Elliott

Silverthorn

Hindmarch

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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As the dominant means for control of pest rodent populations globally, anticoagulant rodenticides (ARs), particularly the second‐generation compounds (SGARs), have widely contaminated nontarget organisms. We present data on hepatic residues of ARs in 741 raptorial birds found dead or brought into rehabilitation centers in British Columbia, Canada, over a 30‐year period from 1988 to 2018. Exposure varied by species, by proximity to residential areas, and over time, with at least one SGAR residue detected in 74% of individuals and multiple residues in 50% of individuals. By comparison, we detected first‐generation compounds in <5% of the raptors. Highest rates of exposure were in barred owls (Strix varia), 96%, and great horned owls (Bubo virginianus), 81%, species with diverse diets, including rats (Rattus norvegicus and Rattus rattus), and inhabiting suburban and intensive agricultural habitats. Barn owls (Tyto alba), mainly a vole (Microtus) eater, had a lower incidence of exposure of 65%. Putatively, bird‐eating raptors also had a relatively high incidence of exposure, with 75% of Cooper's hawks (Accipiter cooperii) and 60% of sharp‐shinned hawks (Accipiter striatus) exposed. Concentrations of SGARs varied greatly, for example, in barred owls, the geometric mean ∑SGAR = 0.13, ranging from <0.005 to 1.81 μg/g wet weight (n = 208). Barred owls had significantly higher ∑SGAR concentrations than all other species, driven by significantly higher bromadiolone concentrations, which was predicted by the proportion of residential land within their home ranges. Preliminary indications that risk mitigation measures implemented in 2013 are having an influence on exposure include a decrease in mean concentrations of brodifacoum and difethialone in barred and great horned owls and an increase in bromodialone around that inflection point. Environ Toxicol Chem 2022;41:1903–1917. © 2022 Her Majesty the Queen in Right of Canada. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry published by Wiley Periodicals LLC on behalf of SETAC. Reproduced with the permission of the Minister of Environment and Climate Change Canada.

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Section: Species and Exposure Patternssupporting

confidence: 88%

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Contamination of Terrestrial Birds of Prey from Western Canada: Patterns and Trends, 1988–2018

Elliott

Silverthorn

Hindmarch

et al. 2022

Enviro Toxic and Chemistry

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“…Small mammals of a similar size to target species such as passerine birds, amphibians and reptiles are reported as bycatch in kill trapping [ 28 , 29 ] and live trapping [ 30 , 31 ]. Such bycatch can yield additional information as a rare, invasive and/or unseen/new species may be detected, but studies considering particular target species usually aim to minimize bycatch.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Habitat and Season Effects on Small Mammal Bycatch in Live Trapping

Hotopp¹,

Walther

Fuelling³

et al. 2022

Biology

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Trapping small mammals is frequently used to study the dynamics, demography, behavior and presence of pathogens. When only particular small mammal species are in the focus of interest, all other species are unnecessary bycatch. We analyzed data from extensive live trapping campaigns conducted over the last decade in Germany, following a consistent standard trapping protocol that resulted in about 18,500 captures of small mammals. Animals were trapped with Ugglan multiple capture traps in grassland, forest and margin habitat. Trap success and the proportion of bycatch were about 30% when target species were common voles (Microtus arvalis) in grassland and common voles and bank voles (Clethrionomys glareolus) in margins and forests. This was more pronounced in spring and along margins. Species mentioned in the early warning list according to the Red List Germany were higher in numbers and proportion in spring and in grassland. The results will help to avoid periods with enhanced presence of bycatch, including endangered species (if the purpose of the study allows) or to pay particular attention in certain seasons and habitats when the occurrence of bycatch is most likely.

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“…Resistance‐breaking ARs are the most toxic, bio‐accumulative and persistent anticoagulant substances and carry a risk of poisoning non‐target species, which has been shown in residue monitoring across the world (Mustelidea: Denmark 15 ; Foxes: Germany, 16 Norway 17 ; avian predators: Finland, 18 Germany 19 ). Non‐target species such as voles, mice and songbirds can consume rodenticide baits directly 20,21 . There is also a potential risk of secondary poisoning of predators such as barn owls if they feed on contaminated prey.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Non-target species such as voles, mice and songbirds can consume rodenticide baits directly. 20,21 There is also a potential risk of secondary poisoning of predators such as barn owls if they feed on contaminated prey. Favourable conditions for rats on farms support rapid reoccupation and population establishment after control measures through immigration from infestations nearby, such that repeated use of rodenticides is necessary.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sanitary measures considerably improve the management of resistant Norway rats on livestock farms

Esther

Hansen

Klemann³

et al. 2022

Pest Management Science

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BACKGROUND Norway rats (Rattus norvegicus) need to be controlled to prevent transmission of pathogens and damages to stored products and material, leading to considerable economic risks and losses. Given increasing resistance in Norway rats, the most persistent, bio‐accumulative and toxic anticoagulant rodenticides are widely used for management, which presents hazards to the environment especially for non‐target species. We investigated how sanitary measures improved management of Norway rats on 12 paired livestock farms in a region of Germany with a high population of resistant rats for reducing application of rodenticides. We recorded food intake, and tracked activity and resistance frequency during the pre‐treatment, treatment and post‐treatment periods. RESULTS In the post‐treatment period, farms using sanitary measures had a higher control success with > 13% more bait boxes without feeding than farms not using sanitary measures. In addition, the reoccurrence of rats was delayed by 85 days. With increasing accessibility to buildings and more precise positioning of the boxes, control success improved, especially when rats could not spread from water‐bearing ditches through the sewer system, and when rat‐hunting animals were present. Resistant animals were more common indoors than outdoors, and there were more resistant rats recorded before and during treatment than in the post‐treatment period. CONCLUSION The control success was substantially higher and reoccurrence was delayed using sanitary measures on farms. Sanitary measures can reduce resistance indirectly due to delayed re‐colonization and establishment of resistant populations inside buildings. Hence, sanitary measures help to reduce economic losses, rodenticides required for rat management and environmental risk especially in the resistance area. © 2022 The Authors. Pest Management Science published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Society of Chemical Industry.

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Exposure of passerine birds to brodifacoum during management of Norway rats on farms

Cited by 16 publications

References 51 publications

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Contamination of Terrestrial Birds of Prey from Western Canada: Patterns and Trends, 1988–2018

Anticoagulant Rodenticide Contamination of Terrestrial Birds of Prey from Western Canada: Patterns and Trends, 1988–2018

Habitat and Season Effects on Small Mammal Bycatch in Live Trapping

Sanitary measures considerably improve the management of resistant Norway rats on livestock farms

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