Exposure of Dentists to<i>Mycobacterium tuberculosis</i>, Ibadan, Nigeria

Cadmus, Simeon; Okoje, Victoria N.; Taiwo, Babafemi; Soolingen, Dick van

doi:10.3201/eid1609.100447

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…The incidence of M. tuberculosis infection among oral health-care patients was assessed at a large tertiary hospital in Nigeria. Ten out of 78 sputum samples tested positive for M. tuberculosis 108 . These findings emphasise the risk of active TB cases among patients and the need to implement specific infectionprevention precautions and policies for TB in oral health-care facilities.…”

Section: Mycobacterium Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities: a global perspective

Oosthuysen

Potgieter

Fossey

2014

International Dental Journal

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Many publications are available on the topic of compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities all over the world. The approaches of developing and developed countries show wide variation, but the principles of infection prevention and control are the same globally. This study is a systematic review and global perspective of the available literature on infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities. Nine focus areas on compliance with infection-control measures were investigated: knowledge of infectious occupational hazards; personal hygiene and care of hands; correct application of personal protective equipment; use of environmental barriers and disposable items; sterilisation (recirculation) of instruments and handpieces; disinfection (surfaces) and housekeeping; management of waste disposal; quality control of dental unit waterlines, biofilms and water; and some special considerations. Various international studies from developed countries have reported highly scientific evidence-based information. In developed countries, the resources for infection prevention and control are freely available, which is not the case in developing countries. The studies in developing countries also indicate serious shortcomings with regard to infection prevention and control knowledge and education in oral health-care facilities. This review highlights the fact that availability of resources will always be a challenge, but more so in developing countries. This presents unique challenges and the opportunity for innovative thinking to promote infection prevention and control.

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Section: Mycobacterium Tuberculosismentioning

confidence: 99%

Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities: a global perspective

Oosthuysen

Potgieter

Fossey

2014

International Dental Journal

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“…Multiple studies have found that HCWs were at higher risk to acquire an infectious disease, observing a high serological status of Legionella spp. and high rates of asymptomatic tuberculosis in dental practitioners and hospital staff [ 10 , 13 – 15 ]. It is plausible that other diseases could also be acquired via bio-aerosols.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment

et al. 2017

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BackgroundBio-aerosols originate from different sources and their potentially pathogenic nature may form a hazard to healthcare workers and patients. So far no extensive review on existing evidence regarding bio-aerosols is available.ObjectivesThis study aimed to review evidence on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental setting. The objectives were 1) What are the sources that generate bio-aerosols?; 2) What is the microbial load and composition of bio-aerosols and how were they measured?; and 3) What is the hazard posed by pathogenic micro-organisms transported via the aerosol route of transmission?MethodsSystematic scoping review design. Searched in PubMed and EMBASE from inception to 09-03-2016. References were screened and selected based on abstract and full text according to eligibility criteria. Full text articles were assessed for inclusion and summarized. The results are presented in three separate objectives and summarized for an overview of evidence.ResultsThe search yielded 5,823 studies, of which 62 were included. Dental hand pieces were found to generate aerosols in the dental settings. Another 30 sources from human activities, interventions and daily cleaning performances in the hospital also generate aerosols. Fifty-five bacterial species, 45 fungi genera and ten viruses were identified in a hospital setting and 16 bacterial and 23 fungal species in the dental environment. Patients with certain risk factors had a higher chance to acquire Legionella in hospitals. Such infections can lead to irreversible septic shock and death. Only a few studies found that bio-aerosol generating procedures resulted in transmission of infectious diseases or allergic reactions.ConclusionBio-aerosols are generated via multiple sources such as different interventions, instruments and human activity. Bio-aerosols compositions reported are heterogeneous in their microbiological composition dependent on the setting and methodology. Legionella species were found to be a bio-aerosol dependent hazard to elderly and patients with respiratory complaints. But all aerosols can be can be hazardous to both patients and healthcare workers.

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“…Furthermore, dental team-to-dental team and possibly patient-to dental team TB infection was documented ( 59 , 60 ). Hospital dental staff may be at increased risk of exposure to TB ( 60 , 61 ).…”

Section: Bacteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Healthcare-associated viral and bacterial infections in dentistry

Laheij

Kistler

Belibasakis

et al. 2012

Journal of Oral Microbiology

129

109

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Infection prevention in dentistry is an important topic that has gained more interest in recent years and guidelines for the prevention of cross-transmission are common practice in many countries. However, little is known about the real risks of cross-transmission, specifically in the dental healthcare setting. This paper evaluated the literature to determine the risk of cross-transmission and infection of viruses and bacteria that are of particular relevance in the dental practice environment. Facts from the literature on HSV, VZV, HIV, Hepatitis B, C and D viruses, Mycobacterium spp., Pseudomonas spp., Legionella spp. and multi-resistant bacteria are presented. There is evidence that Hepatitis B virus is a real threat for cross-infection in dentistry. Data for the transmission of, and infection with, other viruses or bacteria in dental practice are scarce. However, a number of cases are probably not acknowledged by patients, healthcare workers and authorities. Furthermore, cross-transmission in dentistry is under-reported in the literature. For the above reasons, the real risks of cross-transmission are likely to be higher. There is therefore a need for prospective longitudinal research in this area, to determine the real risks of cross-infection in dentistry. This will assist the adoption of effective hygiene procedures in dental practice.

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Exposure of Dentists toMycobacterium tuberculosis, Ibadan, Nigeria

Cited by 7 publications

References 7 publications

Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities: a global perspective

Compliance with infection prevention and control in oral health-care facilities: a global perspective

A scoping review on bio-aerosols in healthcare and the dental environment

Healthcare-associated viral and bacterial infections in dentistry

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