Exposure assessment using human biomonitoring for glyphosate and fluroxypyr users in amenity horticulture

Connolly, Alison; Jones, Kate; Galea, Karen S.; Basinas, Ioannis; Kenny, Laura; McGowan, Padraic; Coggins, Marie

doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2017.06.008

Cited by 68 publications

(59 citation statements)

References 44 publications

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“…Critical gaps in the re-registration of glyphosate, including the EU re-registration process itself, have been addressed (European Parliament Council, 2002;Myers et al, 2016), particularly those considered more pressing by recent scientific findings. These include: (a) increasing exposures of EU citizens to glyphosate residues, supported by human and environmental biomonitoring data in limited number (Curwin et al, 2007;Mesnage et al, 2012;Krüger et al, 2014;Niemann et al, 2015;Connolly et al, 2017;Conrad et al, 2017;Mills et al, 2017;Vandenberg et al, 2017), but identifying a clearly rising trend; (b) carcinogenicity classification by IARC, evidence of linkages of glyphosate or its formulated products to non-Hodgkin's lymphoma (Hardell et al, 2002;De Roos et al, 2003Eriksson et al, 2008;Schinasi and Leon, 2014;Mesnage et al, 2015b), and effective dose levels indicated in rodent oncogenicity studies being 1-2 orders of magnitude lower when formulated glyphosate-based herbicides were used compared to those obtained with the pure active ingredient; (c) evidence of contributions to fatal chronic kidney disease by glyphosate in areas with heavy metals in water (Jayasumana et al, 2014(Jayasumana et al, , 2015 and the finding of nonalcoholic fatty liver disease upon exposure to a glyphosatebased herbicide (Roundup R ) (Mesnage et al, 2017b), coupled with the powerful animal metabolism data embedded within the re-registration document appendices (showing glyphosate and AMPA levels higher in kidney than in liver, and much higher than in muscle tissue); as well as (d) problems (e.g., risk assessment studies for regulatory purposes of re-registration of glyphosate being carried out with pure glyphosate) arising from the dual character of pesticide registration in the EU with active ingredients authorized at EU and formulated products at MS level (Klátyik et al, 2017a). In light of these findings, earlier risk assessment statements (Williams et al, 2000) are untenable for both hazard and exposure levels.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A systematic study carried out in Southern California found that the mean glyphosate and AMPA levels in human urine increased between 1993 and 2016, and reached 0.449 and 0.401 ng/ml, respectively (Mills et al, 2017). It has to be noted that levels of 3.3-73.5 ng/ml have been reported in a non-peer reviewed report in Germany (Connolly et al, 2017).…”

Section: Exposure To Glyphosate-environmental and Food Analysis Humamentioning

confidence: 93%

“…Biomonitoring of glyphosate residues in human urine have been carried out in the USA (Acquavella et al, 2003;Curwin et al, 2007;Mills et al, 2017), Europe Krüger et al, 2014;Connolly et al, 2017;Conrad et al, 2017) and Sri Lanka (Jayasumana et al, 2015), and indicated maximal concentrations of 0.45-233 ng/ml. Within these studies, one report compared glyphosate levels in the urine of humans and livestock, and found over one order of magnitude higher levels in the latter (Krüger et al, 2014).…”

Section: Exposure To Glyphosate-environmental and Food Analysis Humamentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

Székacs

Darvas

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

104

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Exposure To Glyphosate-environmental and Food Analysis Humamentioning

confidence: 93%

Section: Exposure To Glyphosate-environmental and Food Analysis Humamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

Székacs

Darvas

2018

Front. Environ. Sci.

104

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“…There are few published studies on biomonitoring reports of occupational exposure to GLY, and these are limited to spraying, horticulture and other agricultural aspects [20,[22][23][24]. In this paper, to avoid the influence of preparations, we selected people who were only involved in GLY production (without exposure to its preparations) as our research subjects.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Zhang

Liu

et al. 2020

IJERPH

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Background: There are few published studies concerning occupational exposure to glyphosate (GLY), and these are limited to spraying, horticulture and other agricultural aspects. Therefore, the concentration of glyphosate and its metabolite aminomethylphosphonic acid (AMPA), in the urine of workers exposed to glyphosate during glyphosate production was determined, and the relationship between internal (urinary glyphosate and AMPA concentration) and external exposure dose (time weighted average (TWA) value of glyphosate in the air of workplace) was analyzed. Methods: To avoid the influence of preparations, we selected people who were only involved in GLY production (without exposure to its preparations) as our research subjects. We collected 134 urine samples of workers exposed to GLY (prototype, not preparation). The urinary concentrations of GLY and AMPA (internal exposure dose) were detected by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry. The subjects’ exposure to the amount of GLY in the air (external dose) was determined using ion chromatography. Conventional statistical methods, including quartiles, t-tests and regression analysis, were applied for data processing. Results: An on-site investigation revealed that the workers involved in centrifugation, crystallization, drying, and packaging and feeding were exposed to GLY. The TWA value of GLY in the workshop air was <0.02 mg/m3–34.58 mg/m3. The detection rates of GLY and AMPA in the urine samples were 86.6% and 81.3%, respectively. The concentration of urinary GLY was <0.020–17.202 mg/L (median, 0.292 mg/L). The urinary AMPA concentration was <0.010 mg/L–2.730 mg/L (median, 0.068 mg/L). The geometric means were 0.262 mg/L and 0.072 mg/L for GLY and AMPA, respectively. There was a correlation between the urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA and the TWA value of exposed workers (correlation coefficient [r] = 0.914 and 0.683, respectively; p < 0.01). Furthermore, there was a correlation between the urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA in the exposure group (r = 0.736, p < 0.01). Conclusions: The urinary concentration of GLY and AMPA of workers was correlated with the TWA value of workers’ exposure, which could reflect the actual exposure of the workers.

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“…Nowadays, GBHs are the most widely used herbicides in the world (Benbrook 2016;Myers et al 2016) and their use may result in exposure of the general public as well as of applicators (Solomon 2016). Glyphosate was detected in urine samples of farmers (Jayasumana et al 2015), amenity horticulturists (Connolly et al 2017) as well as in samples of the general public (Conrad et al 2017;Connolly et al 2018). In March 2015, glyphosate was classified as a "probable carcinogen for humans" (group 2A) by the International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) of the World Health Organization (WHO) (Guyton et al 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perinatal Exposure to Glyphosate and a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Affect Spermatogenesis in Mice

Pham

Derian

Kervarrec

et al. 2019

Toxicological Sciences

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Glyphosate is the most widely used herbicide in the world. Several studies have investigated the effects of glyphosate and glyphosate-based-herbicides (GBHs) on male reproduction, but there is still little and conflicting evidence for its toxicity. In this study, we analyzed the effects of glyphosate, alone or in formula, on the male reproductive system. Pregnant mice were treated from E10.5 to 20 days postpartum (dpp) by adding glyphosate or a GBH (Roundup ® 3 Plus) to their drinking water at 0.5 (the acceptable daily intake, ADI dose), 5 and 50 mg/kg/day. Male offspring derived from treated mice were sacrificed at 5, 20 and 35 days-old (d.o.) and 8 monthsold (m.o.) for analysis. Our result showed that exposure to glyphosate, but not GBH, affect testis morphology in 20 d.o. and decrease serum testosterone concentrations in 35 d.o. males. We identified that the spermatozoa number decreased by 89% and 84% in 0.5 and 5 mg/kg/day of GBH and glyphosate groups, respectively. Moreover, the undifferentiated spermatogonia numbers were decreased by 60% in 5 mg/kg/day glyphosate group, which could be due to the alterations in the expression of genes involved in germ cell differentiation such as Sall4 and Nano3 and apoptosis as Bax and Bcl2. In 8 m.o. animals, a decreased testosterone level was observed in GBH groups. Our data demonstrate that glyphosate and GBHs could cause endocrine-disrupting effects on male reproduction at low doses. As glyphosate has effects at the ADI level, our data suggests that the current ADI for glyphosate could be overestimated.

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Exposure assessment using human biomonitoring for glyphosate and fluroxypyr users in amenity horticulture

Cited by 68 publications

References 44 publications

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

Re-registration Challenges of Glyphosate in the European Union

Concentration Distribution and Analysis of Urinary Glyphosate and Its Metabolites in Occupationally Exposed Workers in Eastern China

Perinatal Exposure to Glyphosate and a Glyphosate-Based Herbicide Affect Spermatogenesis in Mice

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