Exposure assessment and sensitisation in workers exposed to organic acid anhydrides

Drexler, Hans; Jönsson, Bo; Göen, T.; Nielsen, Jörn; Lakemeyer, M; Welinder, Hans

doi:10.1007/s004200050422

Cited by 17 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(17 reference statements)

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“…The levels were probably not higher before the study. The exposure levels, as well as the prevalences of sensitization and work-related symptoms, were lower than found in an earlier study of workers exposed to HHPA (7), but similar to those found in other factories, where the exposure was comparable (8)(9)(10).…”

Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Exposure to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides - dose-response for sensitization and airway effects

Nielsen¹,

Welinder²,

Jönsson³

et al. 2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

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Section: Discussioncontrasting

confidence: 40%

“…Different OAA have varying sensitizing potentials (3,5,6). In particular, HHPA causes high frequencies of symptoms (6)(7)(8)(9)(10).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Exposure to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides - dose-response for sensitization and airway effects

Nielsen¹,

Welinder²,

Jönsson³

et al. 2001

Scand J Work Environ Health

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“…Other studies such as that reported by Drexler et al (2000) found an association between the acquisition of sensitisation and increasing levels of exposure to MTHPA, while Rosqvist et al (2003) reported that cases with specific IgE antibody, consistent with the acquisition of sensitization, increased with increasing exposures to MTHPA.…”

Section: Acid Anhydridesmentioning

confidence: 87%

“…Dose-response relationships in the development of sensitisation to acid anhydrides have been described, but it has not been possible to define clear thresholds Nielsen et al, 2001;Drexler et al, 2000;Rosqvist et al, 2003). In a prospective study reported by Welinder et al (2001), serum IgE antibody was found in 13% of workers exposed to several acid anhydrides (HHPA, MHPA, and MTPHA) with a mean combined exposure level of 15.4 mg/m 3 (range <1-189 mg/m 3 ).…”

Section: Acid Anhydridesmentioning

confidence: 93%

Thresholds in chemical respiratory sensitisation

et al. 2015

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There is a continuing interest in determining whether it is possible to identify thresholds for chemical allergy. Here allergic sensitisation of the respiratory tract by chemicals is considered in this context. This is an important occupational health problem, being associated with rhinitis and asthma, and in addition provides toxicologists and risk assessors with a number of challenges. In common with all forms of allergic disease chemical respiratory allergy develops in two phases. In the first (induction) phase exposure to a chemical allergen (by an appropriate route of exposure) causes immunological priming and sensitisation of the respiratory tract. The second (elicitation) phase is triggered if a sensitised subject is exposed subsequently to the same chemical allergen via inhalation. A secondary immune response will be provoked in the respiratory tract resulting in inflammation and the signs and symptoms of a respiratory hypersensitivity reaction. In this article attention has focused on the identification of threshold values during the acquisition of sensitisation. Current mechanistic understanding of allergy is such that it can be assumed that the development of sensitisation (and also the elicitation of an allergic reaction) is a threshold phenomenon; there will be levels of exposure below which sensitisation will not be acquired. That is, all immune responses, including allergic sensitisation, have threshold requirement for the availability of antigen/allergen, below which a response will fail to develop. The issue addressed here is whether there are methods available or clinical/epidemiological data that permit the identification of such thresholds. This document reviews briefly relevant human studies of occupational asthma, and experimental models that have been developed (or are being developed) for the identification and characterisation of chemical respiratory allergens. The main conclusion drawn is that although there is evidence that the acquisition of sensitisation to chemical respiratory allergens is a dose-related phenomenon, and that thresholds exist, it is frequently difficult to define accurate numerical values for threshold exposure levels. Nevertheless, based on occupational exposure data it may sometimes be possible to derive levels of exposure in the workplace, which are safe. An additional observation is the lack currently of suitable experimental methods for both routine hazard characterisation and the measurement of thresholds, and that such methods are still some way off. Given the current trajectory of toxicology, and the move towards the use of non-animal in vitro and/or in silico) methods, there is a need to consider the development of alternative approaches for the identification and characterisation of respiratory sensitisation hazards, and for risk assessment.

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“…acid anhydrides, whereas for others, the results have been less promising [9]. It has been shown that increased exposure to anhydrides results in increased sensitization rates [10], and the development of IgE antibodies to anhydride-HSA conjugates can be predictive for later development of anhydride-induced respiratory disease [11]. Although the sensitivity of in vitro testing for both present and prospective asthma was reported to be high [11], subjects with work-related complaints but negative in vitro testing have been described [3, 11, 12].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of IgE Antibody Concentrations to Pyromellitic Dianhydride-Modified Laminin and Human Serum Albumin in Sera of Exposed Workers with Respiratory Complaints

Czuppon¹,

Merget²,

Raulf‐Heimsoth³

et al. 2002

Int Arch Allergy Immunol

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Background: Acid anhydrides are used in a variety of industrial branches because of their highly reactive anhydride groups. Adverse effects of anhydride exposure include toxic/irritative effects as well as IgE- and IgG-mediated respiratory disorders. It was the aim of this study to examine the usefulness of conjugates of pyromellitic dianhydride (PMDA) and laminin, a respiratory tract protein, for the in vitro diagnosis of sensitization to PMDA. Methods: Sera of PMDA-exposed workers (n = 9) and nonexposed controls (n = 8) were tested with an enzyme allergosorbent test (EAST). Human laminin and human serum albumin (HSA) were derivatized with PMDA and used as solid-phase in a commercial assay. Results: Seven out of 9 exposed workers revealed elevated IgE antibody concentrations (>0.35 kU/l) against laminin-PMDA whereas 5 of 9 subjects had elevated IgE antibody concentrations to HSA-PMDA. All 9 workers had elevated IgE antibody concentrations in at least one of the two tests. Of the 4 workers who complained of shortness of breath, 3 were positive for laminin-PMDA and 2 for HSA-PMDA. All of the nonexposed subjects were negative (<0.35 kU/l) for laminin-PMDA. Conclusion: PMDA-modified laminin could provide an additional diagnostic tool for the detection of sensitization to PMDA.

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Exposure assessment and sensitisation in workers exposed to organic acid anhydrides

Cited by 17 publications

References 21 publications

Exposure to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides - dose-response for sensitization and airway effects

Exposure to hexahydrophthalic and methylhexahydrophthalic anhydrides - dose-response for sensitization and airway effects

Thresholds in chemical respiratory sensitisation

Comparison of IgE Antibody Concentrations to Pyromellitic Dianhydride-Modified Laminin and Human Serum Albumin in Sera of Exposed Workers with Respiratory Complaints

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