Exposure and risk factors among elderly drivers: A case-control study

Lefrançois, R; D’Amours, Monia

doi:10.1016/s0001-4575(96)00080-2

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Furthermore, since the case–crossover design accounts for various personal factors, such as alcohol intake, driving behavior, and comorbid conditions, 16 – 18 we tentatively conclude that zolpidem use is the only explanation for the increased risk of motor vehicle accidents. In addition, we found an association between BZD use and increased risk of motor vehicle accidents, which is in line with previous epidemiological studies.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Increased Risk of Hospitalization Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among People Taking Zolpidem: A Case–Crossover Study

Yang

Lai

Lee

et al. 2011

Journal of Epidemiology

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BackgroundSeveral epidemiological and experimental studies have found a positive association between the risk of motor vehicle accidents (MVAs) and use of zopiclone and benzodiazepines. There is, however, little evidence of any risk of MVA attributable to the use of zolpidem 1 day before such accidents. We attempted to determine whether the use of zolpidem 1 day before is associated with an increased risk of an MVA.MethodsUsing a 1-million-person randomly sampled cohort from the Taiwan National Health Insurance reimbursement database, 12 929 subjects were identified as having been hospitalized between 1998 and 2004 due to an MVA. Using a case–crossover design, we selected the day before an MVA as the case period for each subject, and the 91st, 182nd, and 273rd days before the case period as 3 retrospective control periods. Conditional logistical regression models were constructed to calculate the odds ratio (OR) of having an MVA and the exposure of zolpidem 1 day before. We calculated doses of benzodiazepines, zopiclone, and zolpidem based on their defined daily dose.ResultsThe adjusted OR for involvement in an MVA after taking 1 defined daily dose of zolpidem was 1.74 (95% confidence interval: 1.25–2.43). There were also positive effects for different washout periods and cumulative doses at 7, 14, 21, and 28 days before the occurrence of an MVA.ConclusionsUse of zolpidem 1 day before might be associated with an increased risk of MVA. Thus, precautionary warnings should be provided when prescribing zolpidem.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 78%

Increased Risk of Hospitalization Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among People Taking Zolpidem: A Case–Crossover Study

Yang

Lai

Lee

et al. 2011

Journal of Epidemiology

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“…15 Despite the high rate of driving cessation with advancing years, the oldest individuals who maintained their driving activity seemed to be slightly more at risk of an accident. Age has been found to be a major factor of driving cessation in most studies, whereas the relationship between age and crash involvement is more controversial, with significant associations in some investigations 6,46,56,57 and non-significant associations in others. 19,47,54 In our study, despite adjustments for age-related factors such as neurodegenerative pathologies, the association between age and crash involvement remained significant among the oldest participants.…”

Section: Factors Associated With Driving Cessation Onlymentioning

confidence: 99%

Driving Cessation and Self-Reported Car Crashes in Older Drivers: The Impact of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in a Population-Based Study

Lafont

Laumon

Helmer

et al. 2008

J Geriatr Psychiatry Neurol

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The complexity of driving activity has incited numerous developed countries to initiate evaluative procedures in the elderly, varying according to first evaluation age, frequency and screening tools. The objective of this paper is to improve the knowledge of the driving cessation process in regard to factors associated with crash involvement. Driving cessation and self-reported crashes during the past five years were analyzed with multivariate models, in a cross-sectional study including a population-based sample of 1051 drivers aged 65 years and more. Visual trouble, Parkinson disease, dementia and stroke history were associated with driving cessation. Future dementia was associated with self-reported crashes only. Attentional and executive deficits were associated with both outcomes. The detection of attentional and executive problems should be included in driving evaluation procedures in order to improve awareness of these deficits by older drivers.

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“…The findings from the U.S. studies are similar to those conducted in Australia (Ryan, Legge et al 1998;Keall and Frith 2006;Langford, Bohensky et al 2008;Langford, Koppel et al 2008;Langford, Charlton et al 2013) and Canada (Lefrancois and D'Amours 1997;Myrick 2001). The findings from the Australian and Canadian studies have also found drivers over 70 to be involved in more fatal and nonfatal collisions per vehicle miles traveled and drivers who drive less miles per year to be at heightened crash risk (Lefrancois and D'Amours 1997;Ryan, Legge et al 1998;Myrick 2001;Keall and Frith 2006;Langford, Bohensky et al 2008;Langford, Koppel et al 2008;Langford, Charlton et al 2013).…”

Section: Crash Risks Among Older Adult Driverssupporting

confidence: 72%

Drug Use and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Collision in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older

Rudisill¹

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The population of adults 65 years of age and older is growing at an exponential rate in the United States. The current generation of older adults is more mobile and driving much later in life compared to previous cohorts. While the current generation of older adults is living longer, they are not necessarily healthier. Older adults consume roughly 30% of all written prescriptions, are the largest consumers of over-the-counter medications, and report a higher prevalence of lifetime licit and illicit drug use compared to previous generations. There is concern that many older adults will drive while taking drugs-either illicit or licit-that will interfere with their ability to safely operate a motor vehicle. Licit and illicit drug use is largely understudied in this population of drivers, particularly in the United States. Methods: This study employed a systematic review to discern which individual licit drugs were associated with increased risk/odds of motor vehicle collision, a cross-sectional analysis of a national traffic fatality database to discern which types of licit and/or illicit drugs and combinations were most prevalent among fatally injured senior drivers compared to middle-aged drivers, and a case-crossover study using electronic medical records to assess the risk that individual licit drugs pose to drivers 65 years of age and older in West Virginia who were admitted to medical treatment following a motor vehicle collision. Results: Among the 53 specific medications investigated by the 27 studies included in the systematic review, 15 medications (28.3%) were associated with an increased risk of motor vehicle collision. The medications that were associated with an increased risk of collision were:

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Exposure and risk factors among elderly drivers: A case-control study

Cited by 19 publications

References 17 publications

Increased Risk of Hospitalization Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among People Taking Zolpidem: A Case–Crossover Study

Increased Risk of Hospitalization Related to Motor Vehicle Accidents Among People Taking Zolpidem: A Case–Crossover Study

Driving Cessation and Self-Reported Car Crashes in Older Drivers: The Impact of Cognitive Impairment and Dementia in a Population-Based Study

Drug Use and the Risk of Motor Vehicle Collision in Adults 65 Years of Age and Older

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