Exposure and inhaled dose of susceptible population to chemical elements in atmospheric particles

Almeida, Susana Marta; Ramos, C. A.; Almeida-Silva, Marina

doi:10.1007/s10967-015-4673-5

Cited by 21 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…In fitness centers, the levels of particles were highly influenced by the level of occupancy, the type (intense) of indoor activity, and the type of ventilation. 68,95 The highest particulate matter concentrations exceeding mean target values for the 24 hours (50 μg/m 3 for PM 10 and 25 μg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ) 74 and for the annual mean (40 µg/ m 3 for PM 10 and 25 µg/m 3 for PM 2.5 ) 28 were found especially during classes with elevated numbers of occupants, revealing a relation between PM concentration and the resuspension of dust caused by the physical activity practitioners. 68 Concentrations of PM 10 and PM 2.5 were much lower in the centers with mechanical ventilation, including filtration of outdoor air, than those with natural ventilation via open windows.…”

Section: Fitness Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

2020

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Physical activity is one of the most basic human functions and a significant basis of health. The World Health Organization (WHO) 1 recommends that adults, including older adults, undertake at least 2.5 hours of moderately intense aerobic activity per week. With an increasing number of sports enthusiasts worldwide, the number of indoor sports facilities and the number of workers in those facilities have also increased dramatically in the past decades. However, unlike residential areas and other types of public spaces, such as schools and offices, there is relatively little published research about air quality and exposure to different pollutants in various indoor sports facilities, 2,3 where a growing number of people exercise, work full or part time, or attend athletic events. 4,5 Although many studies of athletes' exposure to ambient air contaminants have been published, 6-10 little work is known about the exposure to air pollutants in different indoor sports facilities. Available publications have been focused on ice arenas, with the most investigated pollutants being carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen dioxide (NO 2), and particulate matter (PM 10 and PM 2.5 , referring to

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Section: Fitness Centersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

2020

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“…Only few IAQ studies were conducted in fitness clubs. The main information comes from series of works [15,48,84] conducted in Lisbon (Portugal), with PM1 means in a range of 0.9-18 μg/m3 (PM2.5:1.5-23 μg/m3). These levels were fairly similar to those in HC3-HC4 (i.e.…”

Section: Samplingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor air quality in health clubs: Impact of occupancy and type of performed activities on exposure levels

Slezáková

Peixoto

Pereira

et al. 2018

Journal of Hazardous Materials

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Associations between indoor air quality (IAQ) and health in sport practise environments are not well understood due to limited knowledge of magnitude of inhaled pollutants. Thus, this study assessed IAQ in four health clubs (HC1-HC4) and estimated inhaled doses during different types of activities. Gaseous (TVOCs, CO, O, CO) and particulate pollutants (PM, PM) were continuously collected during 40 days. IAQ was influenced both by human occupancy and the intensity of the performed exercises. Levels of all pollutants were higher when clubs were occupied (p < 0.05) than for vacant periods, with higher medians in main workout areas rather than in spaces/studios for group activities. In all spaces, TVOCs highly exceeded legislative limit (600 μg/m), even when unoccupied, indicating possible risks for the respective occupants. CO levels were well correlated with relative humidity (r 0.534-0.625) and occupancy due to human exhalation and perspiration during exercising. Clubs with natural ventilations exhibited twice higher PM, with PM accounting for 93-96% of PM; both PM were highly correlated (r 0.936-0.995) and originated from the same sources. Finally, cardio classes resulted in higher inhalation doses than other types of exercising (1.7-2.6).

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“…In terms of the existent data in non eeducational indoor sport environments ( Table 2), particularly high levels were reported for gymnastics halls (PM 10 : 658e716 mgm À3 ;PM 2.5 :1 70 e500 mgm À3 ; Filipe et al, 2013) and climbing centres (up to 160 and 1180 mgm À3 for PM 2.5 and PM 10 , respectively;Weinbruch et al, 2012 ) due to the frequent use of magnesium chalk (for drying hands and a better grip). In two previous studies ( Almeida et al, 2016;Ramos et al, 2014Ramos et al, , 2015, indoor air quality of 11fitness centres (Lisbon; majority centres with mechanical ventilation) was assessed with short-term measurements (45 e60 min) conducted during the busiest hours. The authors reported concentration ranges (PM 10 :…”

Section: Pm 10 and Pm 25 Mass Concentrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The rather limited data on PM comes from two main types of sport environments: non-educational sport facilities (such as fitness centres and sport halls) and educational settings (such as elementary/primary school gymnasiums or sport facilities from universities). Majority of the studies were conducted in the latter (Alves et al, 2013(Alves et al, , 2014Brani s et al, 2009Brani s et al, , 2011Brani s and Safr anek, 2011;Buonanno et al, 2012a;Castro et al, 2015 ;Fonseca et., 2014;Kic, 2016;Szoboszlai et al, 2011;Ward et al, 2013;Zitnik et al, 2016), mostly due to the better possibility to control the respective environments during the experiment, whereas only few previous studies have assessed indoor PM in the non-educational sport facilities (Filipe et al, 2013;Saraga et al, 2014;Weinbruch et al, 2012)o rfitness centres (Almeida et al, 2016;Ramos et al, 2014;Onchang and Panyakapo, 2016 ); none of the studies addressed UFPs levels. Furthermore, fitness centres have different purposes from those of school (or university) gymnasiums and competing-sport halls, and thus very speci fic characteristics (in terms of layout and construction materials, occupants, type of activities, daily patterns or even frequency of operation; Revel and Arnesano, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Indoor particulate pollution in fitness centres with emphasis on ultrafine particles

Slezáková

Peixoto

Oliveira

et al. 2018

Environmental Pollution

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Fitness centres (FC) represent a unique indoor microenvironment. Exercising on regular basis provides countless health benefits and improves overall well-being, but if these facilities have poor indoor air quality, the respective exercisers might be subjected to some adverse risks. Considering the limited existent data, this work aimed to evaluate particulate pollution (PM PM, and ultrafine particles - UFP) in indoor air of FC and to estimate the respective risks for occupants (both staff and exercising subjects). Sampling was conducted during 40 consecutive days of May-June 2014 in general fitness areas, studios and classrooms (for group activities) of four different fitness centres (FC1-FC4) situated within Oporto metropolitan area, Portugal. The results showed that across the four FC, PM ranged between 5 and 1080 μg m with median concentrations (15-43 μg m) fulfilling the limit (50 μg m) of Portuguese legislation in all FC. PM (medians 5-37 μg m; range 5-777 μg m) exceeded thresholds of 25 μg m at some FC, indicating potential risks for the respective occupants; naturally ventilated FC exhibited significantly higher PM ranges (p < 0.05). Similarly, UFPs (range 0.5-88.6 × 10 # cm) median concentrations were higher (2-3 times) at FC without controlled ventilation systems. UFP were approximately twice higher (p < 0.05) during the occupied periods (mean of 9.7 × 10vs. 4.8 × 10 # cm) with larger temporal variations of UFP levels observed in general fitness areas than in classrooms and studios. Cardio activities (conducted in studios and classrooms) led to approximately twice the UFPs intakes than other types of exercising. These results indicate that even short-term physical activity (or more specifically its intensity) might strongly influence the daily inhalation dose. Finally, women exhibited 1.2 times higher UFPs intake than men thus suggesting the need for future gender-specific studies assessing UFP exposure.

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Exposure and inhaled dose of susceptible population to chemical elements in atmospheric particles

Cited by 21 publications

References 23 publications

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

Human exposure to air contaminants in sports environments

Indoor air quality in health clubs: Impact of occupancy and type of performed activities on exposure levels

Indoor particulate pollution in fitness centres with emphasis on ultrafine particles

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