Exposure and health impacts of outdoor particulate matter in two urban and industrialized area of Tabriz, Iran

Abstract

Numerous studies have shown associations between air pollution and health effects on human. The aims of the present study were to provide quantitative data on variation of atmospheric particulate matter (PM) concentration and the impact of PM on the health of people living in Tabriz city. The approach proposed by the World Health Organization (WHO) was applied using the AirQ 2.2.3 software developed by the WHO European Centre for Environment and Health, Bilthoven Division. The concentration of particulate matter were measured at urban and industrial suburban sites in Tabriz, Iran, from September 2012 to June 2013. TSP and PM10 samples were collected using high volume samplers. PM2.5 and PM1 were measured by Haz-Dust EPAM-5000 particulate air monitors. The annual average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 in the urban site were 142.2 ± 76.3, 85.3 ± 43.9, 39 ± 19.1, and 28.4 ± 14.9 μg/m3 (mean ± SD), respectively. Also in industrial suburban, the total average concentrations of TSP, PM10, PM2.5, and PM1 were measured as 178.7 ± 52.7, 109.9 ± 30.2, 40.0 ± 10.9, and 31.4 ± 9.1 μg/m3, respectively. The PM10/TSP ratio for the whole study period ranged between 0.35-0.91 and 0.32-0.79 in the urban and suburban sites, respectively. Total mortalities associated with TSP, PM10 and PM2.5 concentrations were 327, 363, and 360, respectively. Furthermore, the cardiovascular mortalities for TSP and PM10 were 202 and 227 individual, respectively. According to the attributable respiratory mortalities of 99 and 67 associated respectively with TSP and PM10, it is clear that cardiovascular mortality resulted from PM might attributed to total mortality. The maximum 24-hour concentration of PM was observed during winter followed by autumn and the lowest one was during spring.

A semi-automated system for quantifying the oxidative potential of ambient particles in aqueous extracts using the dithiothreitol (DTT) assay: results from the Southeastern Center for Air Pollution and Epidemiology (SCAPE)

“…Studies have shown a correlation between PM 2.5 mass and health end points -such as heart rate variability (HRV), blood neutrophils, and lipid changes (Tong et al, 2012) -increased oxidative DNA damage and nucleobases (Peter and Steffen, 2010), and cardiovascular mortality (Gholampour et al, 2014). The overall correlation between water-soluble DTT activity and PM 2.5 mass concentration observed in this study may help explain, at least in part, some of these associations.…”

Ambient Levels of TSP, PM10, PM2.5 and Particle Number Concentration in Al Samha, UAE

“…The deviations between the obtained results and the above mentioned reported results by Engelbrecht et al are mainly due to the influence of temporal and spatial variation in PM ambient levels. However, our results are closer to the typical PM 2.5 /PM 10 ratio of 0.5 that have been documented for urban areas in developing countries [25], and reported for urban sites in Iran [26] . As shown in Table 6, very strong to moderate inter-correlations are found between PM of different size fractions.…”

Effect of Air Pollution on the Emergency Admissions of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Patients, Using the Air Quality Model: A Study in Tehran, 2005-2014

“…Because, there is a great difference between Iran and Europe with regard to the age pyramid and the software's own default data are based on the European community, it cannot be used. Therefore by reviewing the relevant texts [9,10], we used the incidence and relative risks calculated for Iran. Tables 1-6…”