Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries

Gilmore, Anna; Fooks, Gary; Drope, Jeffrey; Bialous, Stella Aguinaga; Jackson, Rachel Rose

doi:10.1016/s0140-6736(15)60312-9

Cited by 277 publications

(310 citation statements)

References 81 publications

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“…The impacts are severely felt in low- and middle-income countries particularly since they now have the greatest prevalence of smoking [6,7], and tobacco companies tend to be under-regulated in most of these countries [6]. Cigarette smoking and addiction are most likely to begin during adolescence (before 18 years of age) [7–10].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

Kusumawardani

Tarigan

Suparmi

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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Background: The prevalence of adolescent tobacco use in Indonesia is among the highest in the world. Monitoring the extent and distribution of adolescent cigarette smoking is crucial to being able to target prevention and reduction strategies and evaluate the effectiveness of interventions. Objectives: To quantify the prevalence of adolescent cigarette smoking in Indonesia and assess the association with key socio-economic, demographic and geographic factors. Methods: We used data from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) national household survey to quantify the prevalence of cigarette smoking in adolescents aged 10–18 years by sex, age, education, economic status, place of residence and province. We used logistic regression to assess the adjusted association between adolescent smoking and these factors. Results: The overall smoking prevalence among Indonesian adolescents was 7.2% (95% Confidence Interval/CI: 7.1–7.4). The prevalence was substantially higher among males (14.0%; 95% CI: 13.6–14.4) compared with females (0.2%; 95% CI: 0.1–0.4). After controlling for socio-economic, demographic and geographic characteristics, higher odds of smoking were observed among males (OR = 118.1; 95% CI: 91.2–153.0) as compared to female and among adolescents aged 13–15 and 16–18 years as compared to those aged 10–12 years (OR = 13.2; 95% CI: 10.8–16.2 and OR = 72.7; 95% CI: 59.1–89.4, respectively). The odds of smoking were greater among adolescents with higher education as compared to those with lower education (OR = 1.3; 95% CI: 1.1–1.4) and adolescents in the poorest quintile had more than twice the odds of smoking compared with adolescents from the richest quintile (OR = 2.5; 95% CI: 2.2–2.8). Conclusion: Smoking prevention and cessation interventions in Indonesia need to be specific considering the sex, age, socioeconomic status and geographic location of adolescents. Ongoing monitoring of adolescent smoking is important for targeting interventions at higher-risk groups and assessing the effectiveness of current tobacco control strategies.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

Kusumawardani

Tarigan

Suparmi

et al. 2018

Global Health Action

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“…The prevalence of tobacco smoking was 3.6% for women and 40.6% for men in 2012 (3). Higher taxes and strict law enforcement in high income countries have resulted in a shift of the tobacco industry's efforts to low and middle income countries (4). Almost all low and middle income countries have experienced a growth in tobacco use in contrast to high income countries where prevalence has markedly declined (5).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Inequalities in smoking prevalence: a missed opportunity for tobacco control in Pakistan

Masud

Oyebode

2017

Journal of Public Health

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“…As one example, a report by the Union of Concerned Scientists suggests that over past decades multiple energy companies have conducted disinformation programs to confuse the public about climate change [102,2]. These efforts are reminiscent of the tobacco industry's fierce campaign to confuse the public about smoking-cancer links [103,104]. One can also question the antisocial practices of the banking, pharmaceutical, agriculture, and sugar industries [105,106,107,108,109,110].…”

Section: Eight Initial Motifsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimality of Social Choice Systems: Complexity, Wisdom, and Wellbeing Centrality

Boik¹

2016

Preprint

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Since circa 1900, civilization has experienced radical changes including changes in the size and distribution of populations, the power of technologies, the magnitude of energy and materials use, and the depth of scientific knowledge. With these have come increasingly complex challenges and elevated risks, and thus a heightened need for wise decision making. Accordingly, the need has grown for efficient and functional decision-making systems, also called social choice systems. I use these terms to refer to economic, governance, and legal systems. The seeming inability of societies, both individually and collectively, to effectively mitigate excessive climate change, poverty, income inequality, pollution, habitat loss, and other major problems suggests that underlying social choice systems are sub-optimal relative to need. I raise two overarching questions: (1) What characteristics would more optimal social choice systems exhibit? (2) How could research and development of more optimal systems best proceed?The answers I explore in this paper are based on the premise that the relative optimality of a social choice system is a measure of its relative capacity to help communities solve problems and organize activities such that collective wellbeing is elevated. The characteristics of complex adaptive systems, successful problemsolving systems found in nature, are explored in order to suggest useful design motifs and monitoring indicators. I emphasize the need for research and development of new social choice system designs, and argue that field testing of these can best occur at the local (e.g., community, city, or county) level. Efforts in this direction by the science and technology sectors and academic community are still nascent. The work described here suggests a new multidisciplinary program that I term wellbeing centrality: the design, testing, promotion, and operation of social choice systems that place wellbeing measurement, evaluation, forecasting, and deliberation at the center of decision-making activities.

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Exposing and addressing tobacco industry conduct in low-income and middle-income countries

Cited by 277 publications

References 81 publications

Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

Socio-economic, demographic and geographic correlates of cigarette smoking among Indonesian adolescents: results from the 2013 Indonesian Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS) survey

Inequalities in smoking prevalence: a missed opportunity for tobacco control in Pakistan

Optimality of Social Choice Systems: Complexity, Wisdom, and Wellbeing Centrality

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