Exposición a la violencia durante la formación profesional de los residentes médicos

Abstract

CIENCIAS SOCIALES RESUMENLas residencias médicas garantizan la formación y preparación de los futuros especialistas, no solo académica, sino también humana. Sin embargo, existe evidencia de maltrato, discriminación y abusos en los residentes médicos. El objetivo de este trabajo fue identificar experiencias de violencia física, psicológica o sexual de los residentes médicos del estado de Veracruz, México. Se realizó un estudio transversal descriptivo, mediante una metodología cuantitativa, de una población conformada por 656 médicos residentes de 16 unidades receptoras durante el año 2014. El 87 % reportó por lo menos una experiencia de agresión en su tiempo de formación como especialistas y hasta el 50.46 % refirió violencia psicológica. Sus principales agresores fueron jefes de servicio (33.5 %) y compañeros residentes (33.5 %), viéndose más afectados en el turno matutino (34.76 %). De la población total, 51.52 % son hombres y 48.48 % mujeres. En relación al análisis bivariado se obtuvieron los siguientes resultados: correlación entre sexo y violencia psicológica: X 2 = 9.740 6, P = 0.004; violencia físi-ca: X 2 = 4.876 4, P = 0.003; y violencia sexual: X 2 = 4.868 4, P = 0.001. Los varones presentaron tasas de agresión más altas en el grupo de médi-cos residentes sometidos a mayor nivel de violencia psicológica, física y sexual. Con este estudio se enfatiza la importancia de forjar valores institucionales en la práctica médica, como el respeto y la dignidad, entre los médicos residentes, superiores y/o profesionales que intervienen en la formación y perfeccionamiento de sus especialidades.PALABRAS CLAVE: residencias médicas, estrés, violencia física, psicológica y sexual. ABSTRACTThe Medical residencies guarantee the academic and human apprenticeship and training of the future medical specialists. Nevertheless, there is evidence of maltreatment, discrimination and abuse against the medical residents. The purpose of this work was to identify experiences of physical, psychological or sexual violence of medical residents in the state of Veracruz, Mexico. A cross-sectional quantitative analysis was carried out focusing on a population of 656 residents from 16 receiving medical centers during 2014. Results indicate that 87% reported at least one experience of physical violence during their medical internship as specialists. Additionally, and up to 50.46% it reported psychological violence. The main aggressors were reported to be chiefs of service (33.5 %) and resident partners (33.5 %) and participants were more affected during the morning shift (34.76 %). 51.52 % of the participating population are males and 48.48 % are females. As regards The bivariate analysis revealed the following results: correlation between gender and psychological violence: X 2 = 9.740 6, P = 0.004; physical violence: X 2 = 4.876 4, P = 0.003; and sexual violence: X 2 = 4.868 4, P = 0.001. Males reported higher aggression rates in their medical internships since they were subject to higher levels of psychological, physical and sexual violen...

Bienestar psicológico en médicos residentes de una universidad pública en México

“…In terms of the dimension of positive relations with others, it was again observed that first and second year residents had low levels, and third year residents had medium levels; most fourth year residents had again low levels. In accordance with what has already been mentioned about the adverse context in which the residents find themselves (5,6), and taking into consideration that most of the population in this study comes from different Mexican states, most of which had low levels, it can be inferred that being far from their families and friends, added to the working hours that prevent residents from sharing with them, could explain this result, since personal relationships could be affected.…”

“…These findings are an essential part of the study, as they confirm that medical residents do not have the tools to cope with the adverse environments in which they carry out their daily activities as students and as doctors, so they are absorbed by their context, without being able to regain control. This could be related to the results of research showing the development of pathologies such as depression, anxiety, stress and burnout during the training period (2,(3)(4)(5)(6) which suggests that there is a lack of psychological strategies to prevent them as an obligation of medical education.…”

“…During their training, doctors are exposed to long working hours and highly competitive environments; in addition, they face situations of abuse or harassment (5,6). This situation results in the deterioration of their PW, which facilitates the development of physical (7) and psychological (8-10) pathologies, and in a weakening of their ability to empathize with people (11,12).…”

Social Rejection, One More Form Of Violence In School

“…In the dependencies studied, relational violence was found, particularly in the Faculties of Medicine and Dentistry. The training of professionals in these careers is very demanding and requires high cognitive, social and ethical skills; particularly in the so-called residences or postgraduate programs, exposure to violence is high, as reported by Montes-Villaseñor et al (2017), "The working conditions to which these doctors are subjected, under the justification of the demanding training, include expressions or other forms of interpersonal violence generated by stress".…”

Análisis del patriarcado y género en la Residencia Medica en Bolivia

“…A su vez esto da como resultado que ciertas especialidades sean para mujeres y otras para varones de forma exclusiva, haciendo que si una mujer por ejemplo acceda a una rama quirúrgica tendría una serie de obstáculos en una especialidad que es de preferencia de hombres y viceversa, por ejemplo en el campo de ginecología o pediatría. Es decir que se produce como consecuencia una selección de especialidades que son solo para hombres o mujeres 4,5 .…”