Exposed Body Surface Area—A Determinate for <scp>UV</scp> Radiant Energy in Human <scp>UV</scp> Exposure Studies

Schmalwieser, Alois W.; Schmalwieser, Susanne

doi:10.1111/php.13737

Cited by 3 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 78 publications

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“…And different races have different awareness of sun protection because of factors such as culture, geographical location, and so on [ 26 ]. For people with different BMI, the larger the body surface area will receive more sunlight [ 27 ]. Therefore, we performed subgroup analyses using these three variables.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014

Yang,

Dai,

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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Background In previous studies, sun-protective behaviors increased cardiovascular incidence. Our present article is to further analyze the potential relationship between sun-protective behaviors (staying in the shade, wearing long-sleeved clothing, and applying sunscreen) and hypertension. Method The present cross-sectional study evaluated 8,613 participants (aged 20–60 years) from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) obtained between 2009 and 2014. We performed multiple logistic regression analysis to examine the relationship between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension. Subgroup analysis was then performed. Multiple linear regression analysis was utilized to examine the relationship of sun-protective behaviors and each sun-protective behavior with systolic and diastolic blood pressure, stratified by sex and race. Results A total of 8,613 participants (weighted n = 127,909,475) were applied in our study, including 1,694 hypertensive subjects. Our study demonstrated that sun-protective behaviors of the 2–3 category were associated with increased risk of hypertension, but not with higher systolic and diastolic blood pressure. In subgroup analysis, men, Mexican American, and 25 < BMI ≤ 30 who reported sun-protective behaviors (2–3) were prone to hypertension. Multiple linear regression models showed that non-Hispanic white men with sun-protective behaviors (2–3) were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. The association between other-Hispanic men with frequent wearing long-sleeved clothing and diastolic blood pressure was positively correlated. Conclusion Sun-protective behaviors of the 2–3 category could increase the incidence of hypertension, but not increase systolic and diastolic blood pressure. We only found that non-Hispanic white men who reported sun-protective behaviors (2–3) were positively associated with systolic and diastolic blood pressure. These findings suggested that excessive sun-protective behaviors should be avoided.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Association between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014

Yang,

Dai,

Wang

et al. 2023

BMC Public Health

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“…Despite its many advantages, like other outdoor activities, cycling entails the risk of solar ultraviolet (UV) radiation (UVR) overexposure. Besides irradiance and radiant exposure (irradiance integrated over time), radiant energy (radiant exposure multiplied by area) is of relevance for UV exposure [5].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

UV Exposure during Cycling as a Function of Solar Elevation and Orientation

Weihs,

Helletzgruber,

Kranewitter

et al. 2024

Atmosphere

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Although cycling is the most prevalent means of locomotion in the world, little research has been done in evaluating the ultraviolet (UV) radiation exposure of cyclists. In this study, a volunteer using a men’s bike was equipped with 10 miniature UV-meters at different body sites. Besides erythemally effective irradiance, the ratio of personal UV exposure to ambient UV radiation was determined for solar elevations up to 65°, taking into account different orientations with respect to the sun. This method provides a universal model that allows for the calculation of UV exposure whenever ambient UV radiation and solar elevation are available. Our results show that the most exposed body sites are the back, forearm, upper arm, and anterior thigh, receiving between 50% and 75% of ambient UV radiation on average. For certain orientations, this percentage can reach 105% to 110%. However, the risk of UV overexposure depends on ambient UV radiation. At lower solar elevations (<40°), the risk of UV overexposure clearly decreases.

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Exploratory study on the body distribution of skin color, pigmentation and, degree of tan in Central European Caucasian Women

Schmalwieser,

Götzinger,

Schwabel

2024

Photochem Photobiol Sci

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It is well known that skin color varies by body site and with season. However, little quantitative data on the topography of skin color and pigmentation are available. Therefore, exploratory cutaneous colorimetric measurements in 20 in central European Caucasian women aged 20 to 60 years have been made at 18 body sites. Tri-stimulus L*a*b*-values, hue, and chroma are considered to describe skin color. Based on the “Individual Typology Angle”, the “Degree of Tan” was introduced to quantify the difference between constitutive and facultative pigmentation. Measurements were done in late winter and early summer to estimate potential changes by solar ultraviolet radiation. These measurements made evident that skin color obviously differs across the body in late winter. Even nearby body sites can be recognized as differently colored. A remaining degree of tan was found at permanent and intermittent exposed body sites. The remaining tan was not most pronounced at the permanently exposed sites but on the intermediate ones like the shoulder. In early summer, the degree of tan has most developed at the hands, arms, and instep, followed by the face. This study showed that besides basic differences between body sites in winter, accumulation, and degradation of tan also vary between body sites. Graphical Abstract

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Exposed Body Surface Area—A Determinate for UV Radiant Energy in Human UV Exposure Studies

Cited by 3 publications

References 78 publications

Association between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014

Association between sun-protective behaviors and hypertension: a cross-sectional study from National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2009 to 2014

UV Exposure during Cycling as a Function of Solar Elevation and Orientation

Exploratory study on the body distribution of skin color, pigmentation and, degree of tan in Central European Caucasian Women

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