Exports of Developing Countries in the 1960's

Cohen, Benjamin I.; Sisler, Daniel G.

doi:10.2307/1928736

Cited by 11 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…Diaz-Alejandro (1975) reviewed empirical work on supply responses, including studies by Nowshirvani (1971) and Behrman (1968), observed that 'numerous studies have shown that where markets exist...LDC farmers will respond to relative prices'. However, despite this evidence on favourable market growth and positive supply responses, LDCs have not shared fully in the expansion of world trade in the post-war period [Kravis (1970); Cohen and Sisler (1971)]. [Kravis (1970); Diaz-Alijandro (1975) and Bhagwati and Srinivasan (1979)] agree that as a consequence of trade pessimism LDCs adopted domestic policies which induced or aggravated domestic supply problems and inhibited export performance.…”

Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

External Market Conditions, Competitiveness, Diversification, and Pakistan’s Export Performance

Akbar¹,

Naqvi²

2022

pdr

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Pakistan’s exports evolve broadly in line with total world imports. Accordingly, Pakistan’s share in world imports was remarkably stable during the last 20 years, ranging between a minimum of 0.12 percent in 1980 and a maximum of 0.18 percent in 1992. In 1999-2000, the share was 0.15 percent. This would suggest that Pakistan’s export performance was not worse than that of the world on average. Compared to regional competitors, however, the performance was unimpressive, especially when compared to China and Thailand throughout the 1980s and 1990s or compared to Bangladesh, India, and Sri Lanka during the 1990s. All these countries succeeded in achieving sustainable market share increases in total world imports (Figure 1). In light of the growing awareness about the importance of exports in the overall economy of Pakistan and in view of the unimpressive export performance of Pakistan vis-à-vis other countries in the region it would be interesting to study the export performance of Pakistan and analyse the possible reasons for this poor performance and see whether it is due to demand deficiency or is it something to do with the supply side of the issue.

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Section: Review Of Literaturementioning

confidence: 99%

External Market Conditions, Competitiveness, Diversification, and Pakistan’s Export Performance

Akbar¹,

Naqvi²

2022

pdr

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“…7 The degree of inferiority is increasing in m i . 8 The weight of good 1 in the overall utility is θ. It is not strictly correct to think of a "region" as an individual "country"; however, for simplicity, we will use the two terms interchangeably.…”

Section: The Modelmentioning

confidence: 99%

INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY What Is in It for the Rich?

Fernandes

Kumar

2007

Macroecon. Dynam.

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In this paper, we investigate incentives, other than altruism, developed countries have in improving developing country technologies. We propose a simple model of international trade between two regions, in which individuals have preferences over an inferior good and a luxury good. The poor region has a comparative advantage in the production of the inferior good, and the rich in the luxury good. Even when costly adaptation of the technology to the poor region's characteristics is required -which makes the technology inappropriate for local use -there are parameter configurations for which the rich region has an incentive to incur this cost. It benefits from an improvement in its terms of trade; by raising the efficiency of the productive process of the developing region, it can also redirect its own productive resources toward the luxury good. Indeed, there are cases where the rich region would prefer to improve the poor region's technology for producing the inferior good rather than its own. We apply our model to the Green Revolution and provide a quantitative assessment of its welfare effects. School of Business, Duke University and RAND; kumar@rand.org. We are grateful to two anonymous referees for their detailed comments which have considerably improved the paper. We also benefitted from useful discussions and comments from Keywords

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“…Also worth noting are the Hymer and Resnick (1969) model of agrarian economies with non-argricultural activities. and the Birnberg and Cohen (1971) 4 See for example the paper by Cohen (1972b), in which cases are generated in the context of development~ dualistic models, where the impact of incoming foreign investment on the host economy can be negative. 'nle concept of an optimal tax or subsidy on international capital movements, developed by Kemp (1966) and Jones (1967), should also be of interest to empirical researchers and economic historians, and particularly to tpose with a radical bent.…”

Section: Guidance From Iheoretical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Leaving aside old staples, such as coffee and sugar, whose international marketing can be handled with ad hoc policies, it has been shown that even within the area of primary products. all kinds of new DC demands have opened up (Cohen, 1970; but see Hicks and McNicoll, 1971, who remain skeptical, and warn of resource exhaustion). The small share accounted by most LDCs exports of manufactured goods in total world trade, and the rapid growth of those exports in "success stories," such as South Korea, have been powerful arguments in routing both demand and supply pessimism (LSS, Chapter 7).…”

Section: Guidance From Iheoretical Developmentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As in the case of LDC rural supply responses, evidence has been accumulating showing that substitution possibilities between capital and labor in LDC productive activities are generally not zero (Clague, 1969;Fei and Ranis, 1971 (Cohen, 1972a). But foreign firms whose great asset is typically ' 1 know-how" are unlikely to go out of their way to promote the spread and difussion of the knowledge on which their power is based.…”

Section: Recent Work On Other Perennial Issues Of Ldc Export Sectorsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trade Policies and Economic Development

Díaz-Alejandro

1976

International Trade and Finance

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Standard-Nutzungsbedingungen:Die Dokumente auf EconStor dürfen zu eigenen wissenschaftlichen Zwecken und zum Privatgebrauch gespeichert und kopiert werden.Sie dürfen die Dokumente nicht für öffentliche oder kommerzielle Zwecke vervielfältigen, öffentlich ausstellen, öffentlich zugänglich machen, vertreiben oder anderweitig nutzen.Sofern die Verfasser die Dokumente unter Open-Content-Lizenzen (insbesondere CC-Lizenzen) zur Verfügung gestellt haben sollten, gelten abweichend von diesen Nutzungsbedingungen die in der dort genannten Lizenz gewährten Nutzungsrechte. What is to be included among "trade policies"? Pride of place will be given to· those in~luencing significantly the level and composition of exports of goods and services, although those associated with inducing import substitution beyond the levels dictated by market forces will also be discussed. Most LDCs can influence their long.run import level by encouraging or discouraging exports, while in practice, they are unlikely to expand exports just by increasing their imports, a simple point ignored by some import liberalization attempts of the 1960s. In other words, although one can imagine increases in imports triggering mechanisms which will lead to higher exports, the lags and frictions of that process are likely to be substantially greater than those involved between an export rise and the following import expansion. Exchange rate policy, taxes and subsidies on Terms of use: Documents in

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Exports of Developing Countries in the 1960's

Cited by 11 publications

References 0 publications

External Market Conditions, Competitiveness, Diversification, and Pakistan’s Export Performance

External Market Conditions, Competitiveness, Diversification, and Pakistan’s Export Performance

INAPPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY What Is in It for the Rich?

Trade Policies and Economic Development

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