“…In addition, the majority of women engaged in drug-trafficking organisations play roles only in the lower positions of such criminal networks (e.g., engage in the transit and distribution of the drugs) and thus face a higher likelihood of arrest (Boutron & Constant, 2013;Fleetwood, 2014;Giacomello, 2013Giacomello, , 2016Giacomello, , 2017. As scholarship has demonstrated, the mass incarceration of women or people positioned at the bottom of drug-trafficking chains does not necessarily have an impact on the production, distribution or sale of drugs considered illegal (Ariza & Iturralde, 2015;Giacomello, 2013Giacomello, , 2016Norton-Hawk, 2010;Nuñovero, 2010). Conflict .…”