Export Promotion in Peru: A Historical Review

Abstract

<jats:p>Since the Spanish conquest, Peru stopped being autonomous and joined the emerging economy of world capitalism. That is, it ceased to be a closed economy and with it two new variables appeared in its economy: exports and imports. The transition to an independent nation did not essentially change this condition of open economy, which was reinforced by the process of globalization of the second half of the 20th century.In this regard, exports have been a significant variable for the economy, for better or for worse. For good, when the international demand generated better prices that were naturally favorable for Peru. To the bad, when international crises generated internal crises in Peru expressed in an economic contraction. To this has been added the problem of the competitiveness of our exports. This is where the government has tried to favor export expansion with trade policy measures, which have focused on protecting exporters and spreading the benefits of our export products, especially non-traditional manufactured products.The objective of this article is to analyze the main norms given by the government, trying to improve the competitiveness of our exports, since the 70s.</jats:p>

Herramientas de manufactura esbelta que inciden en la productividad

“…Por sus siglas en inglés Shingle Mínute Exchange of Die, que significa Cambio Rápido de Herramientas, nació para cumplir con la teoría JIT (justo a tiempo) con esta herramienta se debe lograr disminuir el tiempo de cambio. Gonzáles et al (2017) hacen referencia que esta herramienta permite disminuir el tiempo que se pierde en las máquinas e instalaciones debido al cambio de herramientas necesarias para pasar de producir un tipo de producto a otro; lo cual posibilita, a cualquier empresa, a aumentar su productividad y cumplir con expectativas y necesidades de los clientes sin comprometer la calidad y seguridad de sus productos o poniendo en riesgo sus utilidades.…”