Export Processing Zones in Asia

Amirahmadi, Hooshang; Wu, Wei

doi:10.1525/as.1995.35.9.01p00532

Cited by 19 publications

(17 citation statements)

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“…This shift in accountability to lateral networks instead of the more traditional vertical lines of national authority creates conditions where the nominal increase of exports and investment achieved through export zones is offset by negative economic impacts on the host country: Low skill, modular zones of the kind described above encourage dependence on import substitution at the expense of local suppliers, disrupt local communities and change labor patterns to the disadvantage of the poor (even as they create employment), and provide inadequate urban infrastructures in the face of the massive influx of workers, often causing environmental problems in the process (Amirahmadi and Wu, 1994). To transform an economy and sustain high levels of export, zones must, mainstream economists such as Amirahmadi and Wu (1994: 832) argue, connect to regional policies and act as portals to generalize a liberal trade regime to the whole country.…”

Section: Towards a Typology Of Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modernity and the Urban Imagination in Economic Zones

Bach

2011

Theory, Culture & Society

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The recent phenomenon of the export zone attracts scholarly attention primarily for its economic and political logics, yet it is as a cultural phenomenon that the Zone may ultimately signal its transformational role in the trajectory of state sovereignty and the global urban imagination. This article approaches the phenomenon of the Zone as a key location for understanding the social and cultural impact of globalization on urban space. It conceptually locates the trajectory of the export-oriented zone and its analogues to understand how, in little over 40 years, the phenomenon of the Zone experienced a rapid and veritable institutionalization as part of the topography and imagination of globalization. The first part traces the contours of the Zone as a territorial strategy that re-scales national economic and political space and enables the networked models of distributed production so critical to the global economy. The second part critically supplements the standard account by re-thinking the Zone as an incipient urban form -the Ex-Citythat incorporates classically modernist fantasies in the context of contemporary logics of sovereignty and accumulation.

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Section: Towards a Typology Of Zonesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Modernity and the Urban Imagination in Economic Zones

Bach

2011

Theory, Culture & Society

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“…Bost (2010) underlined that a parallel exists between export-oriented industrialization and the use of free ports. For example, Taiwan and South Korea started export-oriented industrialization by setting their first free zones in Kaohsiung and Masan in the 1960s (Amirahmadi and Weiping, 1995). When other Asian countries such as Malaysia, Sri Lanka, Thailand, and the Philippines started to consider export-oriented development, they also implemented free zones.…”

Section: Actors and The Function Of Free Portsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Free ports: towards a network of trade gateways

Lavissière

Rodrigue

2017

J. shipp. trd.

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Free ports are a form of territorial exceptionalism that has existed for centuries and become an important paradigm of globalization. In the contemporary setting, they act as transportation, logistics and trade platforms, using their territorial exceptionalism as a competitive advantage. Free ports such as Hong Kong, Singapore and Dubai are among the world's leading commercial gateways, offering a form of leverage to transactions, transportation and the transformation of material goods. The historical evolution of free ports underlines a growing complexification and specialization that has led to a multitude of models, each fitting a specific regulatory and operational framework. This paper aims rationalizing the complexity of free ports. It is based on a wide array of empirical observations and an analysis of structure, function and evolution of free ports. Collected free ports data enabled the identification of three constitutive factors of evolution: an external factor (the jurisdiction), an internal factor (the services provided) and a linking factor (the orientation of flows). Based on these three factors a model of free ports was designed with a typology of thirteen types of free ports, an explanation of their evolution, and their future prospects.

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“…The United Nations Industrial Development Organization (UNIDO) and the UN Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD) outlined an increase in capital stock, creation of employment opportunities, promotion of technology transfer, growth of exports and foreign exchange earnings, and general stimulation of national economic activity as the major benefits of EPZs. Amirahmadi and Weiping (1995) in Asian survey highlights three important reasons for giving importance to EPZs in Asian countries as economic tool over other types of the zones like free trade zones, single factories and special economic zones. These reasons are :1) To attract FDIs into export industries by providing relatively liberal trade regime mostly for producing capital intensive import substitutes; 2) To create attractive investment environment to maintain their share in FDIs ( limited FDIs) and create good relations with European and American countries; 3) lower cost of EPZs because mostly in Asian countries infrastructure situation is not adequate so it is a kind of privilege or attraction given by local government to investors.…”

Section: Background and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring the Relationship between Emotional Quotient (EQ) and Teaching Success of University Teachers

2013

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Pakistan enjoys pivotal position among energy-rich Central Asian States and Gulf countries. Export Promotion Zones (EPZs) are playing important role in the economic development of countries since the formation of these zones. In Pakistan, Export Processing Zones Authority (EPZA) was established in 1980. Comparative research studies and reports in literature depict that economic share of EPZs of Pakistan is not much impressive and its economic share in the country lags behind neighboring countries. EPZA hence is faced with external factors like devaluation of rupee, euro country crisis, foreign investors' retention and attraction in Pakistan but this study aims to analyze internal factors or impediments that have a direct impact on foreign investment. Data was collected through survey questionnaire from respondents (n=480). Data was analyzed using SPSS (11.5 Version). Regression results identify work environment, bhatta culture, high inflation, political instability, inadequate skill enhancement, inadequate training and infrastructural facilities as major impediments for EPZ development in Pakistan. Thus, this study concludes that positive work environment, political stability and security, adequate infrastructural facilities, appropriate location of industrial units, upgradation of workers skill, provision of training, overcoming the bhatta culture and stable inflation will help boosting the development and performance of export promotion zones of Pakistan.

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Export Processing Zones in Asia

Cited by 19 publications

References 0 publications

Modernity and the Urban Imagination in Economic Zones

Modernity and the Urban Imagination in Economic Zones

Free ports: towards a network of trade gateways

Exploring the Relationship between Emotional Quotient (EQ) and Teaching Success of University Teachers

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