Exponentially-wide etendue displays using a tilting cascade

Monin, Sagi; Sankaranarayanan, Aswin C.; Levin, Anat

doi:10.1109/iccp54855.2022.9887737

Cited by 4 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 47 publications

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“…In this work, 10 we implemented piecewise linear phase modulation by using existing technology components. Specifically, we combine a standard SLM implementing piecewise constant phase modulation, along with a cascade of binary-tilt units, optically aligned with each other using a relay system, visualized in Fig.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponentially expanding étendue of displays with a tilting cascade

Monin¹,

Sankaranarayanan²,

Levin³

2023

Practical Holography XXXVII: Displays, Materials, and Applications

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Holographic displays based on spatial light modulators suffer from limited ´etendue, defined as the product of the display’s size and angular range and bounded by the number of pixel units. In this work, we suggest that rather than excessively increasing the pixel count, etendue can be expanded by augmenting the display units with tilting capabilities. We built a prototype constructed of multiple binary tilt layers and demonstrated applications of the device.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exponentially expanding étendue of displays with a tilting cascade

Monin¹,

Sankaranarayanan²,

Levin³

2023

Practical Holography XXXVII: Displays, Materials, and Applications

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

Neural étendue expander for ultra-wide-angle high-fidelity holographic display

Tseng,

Kuo,

Baek

et al. 2024

Nat Commun

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Holographic displays can generate light fields by dynamically modulating the wavefront of a coherent beam of light using a spatial light modulator, promising rich virtual and augmented reality applications. However, the limited spatial resolution of existing dynamic spatial light modulators imposes a tight bound on the diffraction angle. As a result, modern holographic displays possess low étendue, which is the product of the display area and the maximum solid angle of diffracted light. The low étendue forces a sacrifice of either the field-of-view (FOV) or the display size. In this work, we lift this limitation by presenting neural étendue expanders. This new breed of optical elements, which is learned from a natural image dataset, enables higher diffraction angles for ultra-wide FOV while maintaining both a compact form factor and the fidelity of displayed contents to human viewers. With neural étendue expanders, we experimentally achieve 64 × étendue expansion of natural images in full color, expanding the FOV by an order of magnitude horizontally and vertically, with high-fidelity reconstruction quality (measured in PSNR) over 29 dB on retinal-resolution images.

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Analysis of phase masks for wide étendue holographic displays

Monin

Sankaranarayanan²,

Levin³

2023

Practical Holography XXXVII: Displays, Materials, and Applications

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Spatial light modulator (SLM) technology forms the centerpiece of digital holographic displays. However, an inherent limitation of these devices is that their étendue, defined as the product of the display's eye box and field of view (FoV), is bounded by the number of pixel units. As a consequence, current SLMs are far from meeting the required FoV and eye box for the human visual system, which would require scaling the number of display units by a few orders of magnitude. Existing strategies for étendue-expansion rely on introducing a diffractive optical element (DOE), a fixed random phase mask whose pitch is much smaller than that of the original display, thereby spreading light over a wider angle. Displayed content is then optimized under perceptual constraints on the generated image. However, since the phase mask is fixed, the number of degrees of freedom does not increase and hence, the expansion in étendue necessarily comes with a loss of image quality. The trade-offs involved with such phase masks are not well understood. This paper studies the space of phase masks that can be attached to an SLM to increase its angular range. It attempts to characterize what trade-offs are involved in étendue-expansion, and whatever specific phase mask designs would support better holograms. We show that while pseudo random masks support wide-étendue, they involve an inherent loss of contrast. Perhaps surprisingly, simple commonly-available phase masks like lenslet arrays provide near-optimal results that can largely outperform random masks.

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Exponentially-wide etendue displays using a tilting cascade

Cited by 4 publications

References 47 publications

Exponentially expanding étendue of displays with a tilting cascade

Exponentially expanding étendue of displays with a tilting cascade

Neural étendue expander for ultra-wide-angle high-fidelity holographic display

Analysis of phase masks for wide étendue holographic displays

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