“…As usual, the time delays considered for BAM neural networks can be classified as constant delays [39][40][41][42], time-varying delays [43][44][45][46], and distributed delays [47][48][49][50]. Here, we would like to point out that the proportional delay, which is a special delay type, exists in some fields such as physics, biology systems, control theory, and Web quality of service routing decision.…”