Exponential-Phase Glycogen Recycling Is Essential for Growth of
            <i>Mycobacterium smegmatis</i>

Belanger, Aimee E.; Hatfull, Graham F.

doi:10.1128/jb.181.21.6670-6678.1999

Cited by 87 publications

(61 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…Glycogen is a glucose polymer with a-1,4 and a-1,6 linkages, which is accumulated by several bacteria. The accumulation of glycogen has been reported previously for other related actinomycetes, such as strains of Mycobacterium (Belanger & Hatfull, 1999) and Corynebacterium . In a previous study, we demonstrated that R. jostii RHA1 possesses key genes for accumulation of diverse storage compounds, such as triacylglycerols, wax esters, polyhydroxyalkanoates, glycogen and polyphosphate (Hernández et al, 2008).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Glycogen formation by Rhodococcus species and the effect of inhibition of lipid biosynthesis on glycogen accumulation in Rhodococcus opacus PD630

Hernández

Alvarez

2010

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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Members of the genus Rhodococcus were investigated for their ability to produce glycogen during cultivation on gluconate or glucose. Strains belonging to Rhodococcus ruber, Rhodococcus opacus, Rhodococcus fascians, Rhodococcus erythropolis and Rhodococcus equi were able to produce glycogen up to 0.2–5.6% of cellular dry weight (CDW). The glycogen content varied from 0.8% to 3.2% of CDW in cells of R. opacus PD630, which is a well-known oleaginous bacterium, during the exponential growth phase, when cultivated on diverse carbon sources. Maltose and pyruvate promoted glycogen accumulation by cells of strain PD630 to a greater extent than glucose, gluconate, lactose, sucrose or acetate. This strain was able to produce triacylglycerols, polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen as storage compounds during growth on gluconate, although triacylglycerols were always the main product under the conditions of this study. Cerulenin, an inhibitor of de novo fatty acid synthesis, inhibited the accumulation of triacylglycerols from gluconate and increased the content of polyhydroxyalkanoates (from 2.0% to 4.2%, CDW) and glycogen (from 0.1% to 3.0%, CDW). An increase of the polyhydroxyalkanoates and glycogen content was also observed in two mutants of R. opacus PD630, which produced reduced amounts of triacylglycerols during cultivation of cells on gluconate.

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 74%

Glycogen formation by Rhodococcus species and the effect of inhibition of lipid biosynthesis on glycogen accumulation in Rhodococcus opacus PD630

Hernández

Alvarez

2010

FEMS Microbiology Letters

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“…Our results point to a mechanism by which phosphorylation at the ETTS motif induces an intra-molecular shutdown of the regulatory properties of the protein, through a tight self-recognition of the phosphorylated N-terminal extension by the C-terminal FHA domain. The ensuing model is consistent with, and can account for, the apparent functional promiscuity of GarA in actinomycetes [8][9][10].…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 68%

The FHA‐containing protein GarA acts as a phosphorylation‐dependent molecular switch in mycobacterial signaling

et al. 2008

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“…Thus, the carbohydrate storage in heterotrophic Euglena seemed to depend inversely on the ability of cells to duplicate. Recycling of stored carbohydrates is also apparently essential for growth in Mycobacterium smegmatis [32].…”

Section: Control Of Growth By the Carbon Sourcementioning

confidence: 99%

Cytosol–mitochondria transfer of reducing equivalents by a lactate shuttle in heterotrophic Euglena

Jasso‐Chávez

Moreno‐Sánchez

2003

European Journal of Biochemistry

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To assess the expression and physiological role of the mitochondrial NAD + -independent lactate dehydrogenase (iLDH) in Euglena gracilis, cells were grown with different carbon sources, and the D-and L-iLDH activities and several key metabolic intermediates were examined. iLDH activity was significant throughout the growth period, increasing by three-to fourfold from latency to the stationary phase. Intracellular levels of D-and L-lactate were high (5-40 mM) from the start of the culture and increased (20-80 mM) when the stationary phase was entered. All external carbon sources were actively consumed, reaching a minimum upon entering the stationary phase, when degradation of paramylon started. The level of ATP was essentially unchanged under all experimental conditions. Oxalate, an inhibitor of iLDH, strongly inhibited oligomycin-sensitive respiration and growth, whereas rotenone, an inhibitor of respiratory complex I, only slightly affected these parameters in lactategrown cells. Isolated mitochondria exhibited external NADH-supported respiration, which was sensitive to rotenone and flavone, and an inability to oxidize pyruvate. Addition of cytosol, NADH and pyruvate to mitochondria incubated with rotenone and flavone prompted significant O 2 uptake, which was blocked by oxalate. The data suggested that iLDH expression in Euglena is independent of substrate availability and that iLDHs play a key role in the transfer of reducing equivalents from the cytosol to the respiratory chain (lactate shuttle). Keywords: energy metabolism; lactate metabolism; NAD + -lactate dehydrogenase; NAD + -independent lactate dehydrogenase.The respiratory chain of mitochondria isolated from heterotrophic Euglena exhibits several unusual characteristics. It has a cyanide-insensitive alternative oxidase and an antimycin-insensitive, myxothiazol-sensitive, quinolcytochrome c oxidoreductase [1]. It also contains active membrane-bound NAD + -independent D-and L-lactate dehydrogenases (D-and L-iLDH) that directly transfer electrons to the quinone pool [2]. Similar enzymes that contain FAD or FMN as prosthetic groups have also been described in bacterial respiratory chains [3]. In addition, the quinone pool in Euglena mitochondria has equal concentrations of ubiquinone-9 and rhodoquinone-9 [4], which is a low redox-potential quinone also found in purple bacteria [5].We described recently that mitochondria, isolated from Euglena cultured with glutamate/malate (glu/mal) as the carbon source and harvested in the early stationary growth phase, exhibited stereospecific D-and L-iLDH activities [2]. Both enzymes were able to reduce the artificial high redoxpotential ubiquinones-1 and -2; D-iLDH showed a higher catalytic efficiency than L-iLDH, a pattern also observed in bacterial systems [6]. It was remarkable that Euglena mitochondria showed both enzyme activities because cells were grown with a carbon source different from DL-lactate or glucose. In other systems, only one of these enzymes is constitutive. In bacteria, the inducible enzyme is ex...

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Exponential-Phase Glycogen Recycling Is Essential for Growth of Mycobacterium smegmatis

Cited by 87 publications

References 27 publications

Glycogen formation by Rhodococcus species and the effect of inhibition of lipid biosynthesis on glycogen accumulation in Rhodococcus opacus PD630

Glycogen formation by Rhodococcus species and the effect of inhibition of lipid biosynthesis on glycogen accumulation in Rhodococcus opacus PD630

The FHA‐containing protein GarA acts as a phosphorylation‐dependent molecular switch in mycobacterial signaling

Cytosol–mitochondria transfer of reducing equivalents by a lactate shuttle in heterotrophic Euglena

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