Exponential Growth in Female Residency Applicants in Orthopaedic Surgery Over the Past 15 Years

Pinpin, Camille; White, Peter B.; Nellans, Kate W.; Bitterman, Adam; Mulcahey, Mary K.; Cohn, Randy M.

doi:10.2106/jbjs.oa.23.00004

Cited by 6 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…This has also resulted in an increasingly diverse active resident class at 5.1% African American, 7.4% Hispanic/LatinX, and 13.3% Asian and recently graduated orthopaedic surgeons at 3.7% African American, 5.1% Hispanic/LatinX, and 12.4% Asian. 16 Unfortunately, there were significant declines in active residents among Native American and Hawaiian/Pacific Islander populations, with decreases of 0.06% and 0.002%, respectively. Additionally, there were no Native American recently graduated attendings, and only 0.02% of attendings were Hawaiian/Pacific Islander, highlighting the substantial representation gap for these communities and underscoring the urgent need for targeted efforts in this area.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Workforce Diversity: Analyzing Changes Over Time

Lum,

Dennison,

et al. 2024

JAAOS Glob Res Rev

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Introduction: There are many reasons why orthopaedic surgeons move or change careers. We asked the questions: (1) What is the geographic distribution of orthopaedic surgeons with respect to age, sex, and race and ethnicity? (2) How has our workforce changed over time with regard to these factors? (3) Are there any patterns or trends detected regarding policy or regulatory events that coincide with these differences? Methods: The American Academy of Orthopaedic Surgeons surveys over 30,000 members, collecting data on demographics, age, race sex, and practice statistics. We calculated geographic distributions and evaluated these differences over time—potential influences from malpractice suits or tort reform were investigated. Results: Overall surgeon density increased over time. The largest negative changes were noted in District of Columbia, Wyoming, and North Dakota and positive changes in Colorado, South Dakota, and West Virginia. Age across all states increased (mean 1.7 years). Number of female surgeons increased in most states (4.6% to 5.7%). Number of African Americans increased from 1.6% to 1.8%, Hispanic/LatinX from 1.8% to 2.2%, Asian from 5.5% to 6.7%, and multiracial from 0.8% to 1.2%. No change was noted in the percentage of Native American surgeons. Discussion: Surgeon density increased from 2012 to 2018; the cause for this change was not evident. Small increases in surgeon population, female surgeons, and in some underrepresented minorities were seen.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This likely has cumulated into more female applicants at 23%, residents at 20%, and recently graduated female orthopaedic surgeons at 22% as reported by the ACGME and others (new ACGME fellows were a surrogate used for recent graduates). 15,16…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Workforce Diversity: Analyzing Changes Over Time

Lum,

Dennison,

et al. 2024

JAAOS Glob Res Rev

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“…Given the increasing diversity in orthopedic surgery, including the number of women entering the field, 8 we need to better understand the demographic details of the orthopedic workforce and what leads to, or prevents, orthopedic surgeons from practicing in rural communities. Our analysis of MasterFile and AHRF data found that while the number of women orthopedic surgeons in active practice in Kansas more than doubled from 2009 to 2019, this translated to women comprising only 3.7% of the active orthopedic surgery workforce in the state by 2019.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 5 In addition, while more women are entering the practice of orthopedic surgery (women represented 6.0% of orthopedic surgeons in 2010 and 7.4% by 2022), available data regarding physician distribution have not looked at the gender composition of the orthopedic surgeon workforce by rurality in Kansas. 8 – 10 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physician Workforce in Kansas: Where are the Orthopedic Surgeons?

Hughes,

Reese,

Templeton

2024

kjm

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Introduction. Rural patients have greater need but less access to orthopedic surgical care than their urban counterparts. Previous studies have investigated rural surgical care, but this is the first to assess the Kansas orthopedic surgery workforce to identify changes over time and rurality and inform thinking about future workforce composition. Methods. The authors analyzed 2009 and 2019 AMA MasterFile and Area Health Resource File (AHRF) data. Using frequencies, percentages, and calculations of orthopedic surgeons per capita, we assessed workforce changes by rurality (Rural Urban Continuum Codes). Results. The dataset included 307 orthopedic surgeons; 197 were in both 2009 and 2019. Of these, 165 were in active practice in 2009 and 244 in 2019, an increase of 79 (47.9%). Kansas had smaller proportions of surgeons in rural (non-metro) versus urban (metro) counties in both years. Orthopedic surgeons per capita grew throughout the state, but the increase was smaller in rural counties. There were 11 women orthopedic surgeons in both years, 3.6% of the total 307. Among the 197 surgeons in both years, four (2.0%) were women. No women orthopedic surgeons were in non-metro counties either year. Conclusions. Although the Kansas orthopedic surgery workforce grew from 2009 to 2019, rural Kansas remains a surgery desert based on orthopedic surgeons per capita. Further studies could determine whether this trend is similar to that in other rural states and how to attract orthopedic surgeons to rural practice.

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“…This number is higher than the latest estimates of the percentage of active female physicians in surgery specialties (range 6% to 23%). 19 Despite ∼70% of female respondents reporting confidence in becoming a surgeon, only 33% perceived the field to be inclusive vs over 50% of male respondents. This perceived lack of inclusivity may have also contributed to the disparate number of surgical shadowing hours—and total shadowing hours—reported by males and females, in which males obtained considerably more hours than females ( P < .05).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Investing in the Future: A Premedical Surgical Elective for Undergraduate Students

Duffy,

Ahmad,

Lewis

et al. 2023

The American Surgeon™

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Background Research has shown that providing surgical exposure and mentorship before clerkship can bolster interest and cultivate quality surgical residents. However, most studies have focused exclusively on programs for 1st and 2nd year medical students. The purpose of this study is to describe a novel undergraduate premedical surgical elective (PMSE) and the interests and perceptions of PMSE participants of the surgical field. Methods Undergraduate students applied for a semester long PMSE that included surgical shadowing, mentorship, a research component, attendance at seminars, and hands-on workshops. Post-PMSE completion, participants were invited to complete an online survey about their perceptions of pursuing a career in surgery and their specialties of interest. Results Thirty-six PMSE participants completed the survey (21 females and 15 males). More than half (57%) of female respondents expressed interest in a surgical career. Most respondents (78%) agreed or strongly agreed that they are confident in their ability to become a surgeon. A lower proportion of female respondents (33%) believed the atmosphere of the surgical field to be inclusive than males (53%). Males accumulated significantly more surgical shadowing hours than females ( P < .05). Discussion Findings from this study describe a novel PMSE at a large undergraduate institution. Survey data of PMSE participants revealed a high proportion of female respondents would like to pursue a career in surgery and reported confidence in achieving this. However, females perceived the field to be less inclusive than male respondents. Improving inclusivity may require increased focus and attention by PMSEs and surgical education programs.

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Exponential Growth in Female Residency Applicants in Orthopaedic Surgery Over the Past 15 Years

Cited by 6 publications

References 23 publications

Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Workforce Diversity: Analyzing Changes Over Time

Trends in Orthopaedic Surgery Workforce Diversity: Analyzing Changes Over Time

Physician Workforce in Kansas: Where are the Orthopedic Surgeons?

Investing in the Future: A Premedical Surgical Elective for Undergraduate Students

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