Explosives Detection Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Mass Spectrometry

Nilles, J. Michael; Connell, Theresa R.; Stokes, Sarah T.; Durst, H. D.

doi:10.1002/prep.200900084

Cited by 107 publications

(98 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…A large group of these sources is based on electrical discharge, including owing atmospheric-pressure aerglow (FAPA), 28 direct analysis in real time (DART), 29,30 dielectric barrier discharge ionization (DBDI), 31 and low temperature plasma (LTP). [32][33][34][35] Among these, two promising ADI methods, DESI and DART, have exhibited good performances such as high sensitivity and high selectivity in the analysis of explosives on solid surfaces.…”

Section: -25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis

Chen

Hou

Xiong

et al. 2013

Analyst

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A platform consisting of a halogen lamp, a low temperature plasma (LTP) probe, and a miniature rectilinear ion trap mass spectrometer (RIT-MS) has been constructed and evaluated to detect organic and inorganic explosives on solid surfaces. This platform features two attractive characteristics: high sensitivity for the explosives with low volatility, and rapid analysis speed for the explosives on large surface areas. With non-contact heating by the halogen lamp, the signal intensities for the explosives with relatively high volatility were improved by over an order of magnitude, compared to those obtained at room temperature; and even more, the explosives with low volatility, which could hardly be detected at room temperature, were able to be readily identified. The limits of detection (LODs) of the selected explosives were all at the picogram level (e.g., 10 pg and 20 pg for TNT and RDX, respectively) with a heating time of 3 s. Using manual surface swabbing, the analysis of explosives on a large surface area (7.5 cm Â 2.5 cm) was accomplished within 10 s, and an acceptable sensitivity could be acquired; additionally, inorganic explosives (black powder and firecracker) were successfully detected. Without any sample pretreatment, the platform was used to analyze the wastewater from an explosives factory, confirming the existence of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT), 2,4-dinitrotoluene (2,4-DNT), and 2,6-dinitrotoluene (2,6-DNT), and the concentration of TNT was determined to be 5 ng mL À1. All these results indicated that the proposed platform was a promising technique for security monitoring and environmental analysis.

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Section: -25mentioning

confidence: 99%

Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis

Chen

Hou

Xiong

et al. 2013

Analyst

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“…Since direct analysis in real time (DART) was reported in 2005 by Cody et al [1], a variety of different plasma ionization technologies have been developed, most notable examples including low temperature plasma (LTP) [2], plasma-assisted desorption ionization (PADI) [3,4], and flowing atmospheric pressure afterglow (FAPA) [5,6]. Plasma ion sources have garnered wide acceptance and demonstrated utility for routine detection of small molecules in homeland security and forensic applications [7,8], environmental [9,10] and reaction monitoring [11], food [9,12] and drug quality analysis [13][14][15], and more recently in metabolic fingerprinting for diagnostic applications [16,17]. Performance has been shown to be comparable between different source constructs, with unique plasma characteristics principally dictated by device dimensions, power regime (AC or DC), and discharge gases used [18,19].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Multimodal Vacuum-Assisted Plasma Ion (VaPI) Source with Transmission Mode and Laser Ablation Sampling Capabilities

Keelor

Farnsworth

Weber

et al. 2016

J. Am. Soc. Mass Spectrom.

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Abstract. We have developed a multimodal ion source design that can be configured on the fly for various analysis modes, designed for more efficient and reproducible sampling at the mass spectrometer atmospheric pressure (AP) interface in a number of different applications. This vacuum-assisted plasma ionization (VaPI) source features interchangeable transmission mode and laser ablation sampling geometries. Operating in both AC and DC power regimes with similar results, the ion source was optimized for parameters including helium flow rate and gas temperature using transmission mode to analyze volatile standards and drug tablets. Using laser ablation, matrix effects were studied, and the source was used to monitor the products of model prebiotic synthetic reactions.

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“…It has been validated for the testing of explosives, accelerants, inks, dyes and more [20], [69], [71]- [85]. The instrument is capable of ionizing liquids, solids and gaseous state samples.…”

Section: Instrumentationmentioning

confidence: 99%

Study of the Transport of Odorants from Illicit Substances Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry

Zughaibi¹

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Explosives Detection Using Direct Analysis in Real Time (DART) Mass Spectrometry

Cited by 107 publications

References 34 publications

Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis

Non-contact halogen lamp heating assisted LTP ionization miniature rectilinear ion trap: a platform for rapid, on-site explosives analysis

Multimodal Vacuum-Assisted Plasma Ion (VaPI) Source with Transmission Mode and Laser Ablation Sampling Capabilities

Study of the Transport of Odorants from Illicit Substances Using Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry

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