Explosive Welding of Titanium/Stainless Steel by Controlling Energetic Conditions

Abstract

Commercially pure titanium and 304 stainless steel were welded using explosive welding technique. The joints were evaluated using optical microscope, scanning electron microscope, energy dispersive spectroscopy and X-ray diffraction. The study indicates the formation of characteristic interfacial oscillations with vortices at high energetic conditions. The reacted products of the vortices have been identified as FeTi and Fe 2 Ti intermetallics by X-ray diffraction. Increase in the kinetic energy spent at the interface cause the volume of vortices to increase. Smooth wavy and flat topography has been obtained for thin flyer plates due to less kinetic energy loss. The results demonstrate a good welding interface for multi-layered welding using a thin stainless steel interlayer, as the kinetic energy dissipation at the interface was less.

Control of energetic conditions by employing interlayer of different thickness for explosive welding of titanium/304 stainless steel

“…Naturally, efforts have been made to clad different flyer thickness using conventional two layer welding and investigate the microstructure at the interface. It turned out that intermetallic layer could form, if the kinetic energy is sufficiently high (Manikandan et al, 2005a). Since corrosion applications demand thick plates, it is imperative to understand the microstructure, and hence, necessarily metastable reactions at the interface.…”

Numerical simulation of explosive welding using Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method

“…This technique enables to clad very large section of plates in a single operation and allows us to fabricate large scale composite laminates. Until now, many material combinations, including Al-Cu, Ti-steel, Cu-steel, W-Cu and even multi-layers of metals such as Mg-Al-Ti-Cu-Mo have been welded together using this method [3][4][5][6][7]. However, due to its fast welding characteristic, it is difficult to directly observe and measure the process of explosive welding.…”

Feasibility of Cladding Ti to Carbon Steel by Diffusion Bonding Followed by Hot-rolling

“…Thus, cladding carbon steels with a thin layer of Ti may offer a cost effective material with a combination of corrosion resistance and mechanical strength properties suitable for structural applications in corrosive environments, particularly in marine environments. Ti-clad steel plates are produced at present mostly by explosive bonding process, which is normally followed by rolling to flatten the plates and to produce the required thickness [1][2][3]. However, the explosive bonding process is difficult to control and not environmentally friendly.…”