Explosion venting of bucket elevators

Holbrow, P.; Lunn, G.A.; Tyldesley, A.

doi:10.1016/s0950-4230(02)00021-9

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…Consequently, this technology would typically require the entire shaft for particle transport to be kept at the same high temperature of the particles for a reasonable heat loss, which is already 300°C in a baseline design but potentially much hotter in an advanced design. Moreover, direct observation and pertinent research, such as [4] and [5], confirms that the typical bucket conveyor would likely experience a high spillage rate during operation.…”

Section: Particle Transportation Optionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Design and Analysis of a High Temperature Particulate Hoist for Proposed Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power Systems

Repole

Jeter

2016

Volume 1: Biofuels, Hydrogen, Syngas, and Alternate Fuels; CHP and Hybrid Power and Energy Systems; Concentrating Solar Power;

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The central receiver power tower (CRPT) with a particle heating receiver (PHR) is a form of concentrating solar power (CSP) system with strong potential to achieve high efficiency at low cost and to readily incorporate cost-effective thermal energy storage (TES). In such a system, particulates are released into the PHR, and are heated to high temperature by concentrated solar radiation from the associated heliostat field. After being heated, the particles will then typically flow into the hot bin of the TES. Particulates accumulated in the hot bin can flow through a heat exchanger to energize a power generation system or be held in the hot TES storage bin for later use such as meeting a late afternoon peak demand or even overnight generation. Particles leaving the heat exchanger are held in the low temperature bin of the TES. A critical component in such a PHR system is the particle lift system, which must transport the particulate from the lower temperature TES bin back to the PHR. In our baseline 60 MW-thermal (MW-th) design, the particulate must be lifted around 70 m at the rate of 128 kg/s. For the eventual commercial scale system of a 460 MW-th design the particulate must be lifted around 138 m at the rate of 978 kg/s. The obvious demands on this subsystem require the selection and specification of a highly efficient, economical, and reliable lift design. After an apparently exhaustive search of feasible alternatives, the skip hoist was selected as the most suitable general design concept. While other designs have not been dismissed, our currently preferred somewhat more specific preliminary design employs a Kimberly Skip (KS) in a two-skip counterbalanced configuration. This design appears to be feasible to fabricate and integrate with existing technology at an acceptably low cost per MW-th and to promise high overall energy use efficiency, long service life, and low maintenance cost. A cost and performance model has been developed to allow optimization of our design and the results of that study are also presented. Our developed design meets the relevant criteria to promote cost effective CSP electricity production.

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Section: Particle Transportation Optionsmentioning

confidence: 82%

Design and Analysis of a High Temperature Particulate Hoist for Proposed Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power Systems

Repole

Jeter

2016

Volume 1: Biofuels, Hydrogen, Syngas, and Alternate Fuels; CHP and Hybrid Power and Energy Systems; Concentrating Solar Power;

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“…From earlier investigations it is known that the explosion pressure is quite low if the bucket elevator is fully loaded with combustible dust (particle size < 500 µm). The dust concentration is in the range of or exceeds the upper explosion limit of the dust/air mixture under such operating conditions [4,6]. The highest explosion pressure and maximum flame speed, however, can occur if the elevator is in no-load operation.…”

Section: State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

“…500 up to 1000 [g/m²]) were generated using pressurized dust injection systems. As a result Bartknecht ) [6]. In principle the explosion pressure was much higher if a dust injection system was used with defined amounts of fine dust in comparison to the tests with fully loaded buckets under practical operating conditions.…”

Section: State Of Knowledgementioning

confidence: 99%

New Findings for Explosion Protection of Bucket Elevators by Design Measures

Vogl

Radandt

2012

AMR

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Bucket elevators are devices for the vertical conveying of bulk materials. They can be found in many plants where silos are used. There are different designs of bucket elevators, whereby for the conveying of combustible bulk materials twin-leg bucket elevators are widely used. The conveyed bulk materials might be quite different, e.g. granulates, grains or pellets, which can contain more or less fine dust. The fine dust will be whirled up and dispersed by the moving buckets. Explosive dust/air mixtures can occur inside the elevator. Bucket elevators are frequently reported as causes of dust explosions [1, 2]. Depending on both the practical operating conditions and the explosion characteristics of the bulk material in many cases explosion protection by prevention of ignition sources are not sufficient to minimize the risk of a dust explosion. Therefore, additional explosion protection by design measures is required in order to limit the dangerous effects of a dust explosion. The technical rules or standards, however, which are available for the layout of explosion protection by design measures, e.g. explosion pressure venting or explosion suppression can not be used due to the specific geometry of bucket elevators. Because there was no sufficient data base to design explosion resistant bucket elevators in combination with explosion venting or explosion suppression, large scale tests were carried out on the test site of BGN and FSA in Kappelrodeck, Germany. In this paper the latest results and findings will be presented which can be used for the practical design of explosion venting and explosion suppression on bucket elevators in process industries.

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“…The venting design of bucket elevator is according to Holbrow et al [7] The venting design of vessels is according to VDI 3673 [8] .…”

Section: Ventingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Coal Pulverization System: Explosion Prevention and Process Control

Zhong

Wang

2009

Measurement and Control

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A pulverized coal processing system for producing coal powder used in aluminum alloy smelting process was introduced. The explosibility of the coal used in the system was measured, and the hazards of the process were analyzed. Explosion prevention and protection methods applied in the process were described including atmospheric inerting, powder inerting and venting. Atmospheric inerting is the main method to prevent dust explosions in this process. Process monitoring and control are parts of explosion protection in combustible powder manufacture. Process parameters such as temperatures and concentrations of CO and O 2 are monitored by a distributed data acquisition and control system. Spontaneous combustion of coal is the most possible ignition source, and CO monitoring is an effective method to detect spontaneous combustion. Experiences show that, auto-ignition may occur in the drying system when CO concentration is above 500 ppm. When the oxygen concentration is controlled at less than 5%, there will be no explosion hazard in the coal pulverization and drying process.

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Explosion venting of bucket elevators

Cited by 6 publications

References 0 publications

Design and Analysis of a High Temperature Particulate Hoist for Proposed Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power Systems

Design and Analysis of a High Temperature Particulate Hoist for Proposed Particle Heating Concentrator Solar Power Systems

New Findings for Explosion Protection of Bucket Elevators by Design Measures

Coal Pulverization System: Explosion Prevention and Process Control

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