Explosion localization via infrasound

Szuberla, Curt A. L.; Olson, John V.; Arnoult, K.

doi:10.1121/1.3216742

Cited by 17 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(12 reference statements)

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“…† For example Johnson and Dudgeon (1992). ‡ Szuberla et al (2009) and Rowell et al (2014). § Zhang et al (2010) and Haney (2010).…”

Section: Modified Spectrogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The first TDOA method is termed srcLoc. It has been used extensively for near-source localization of infrasound data and has been found to provide substantially more accurate source localization than back-azimuth-based techniques (Szuberla et al, 2009). The srcLoc technique consists of a two-stage localization process for best-fitting time difference of arrivals: least-squares inversion for source location followed by a numerical optimization process.…”

Section: In-network Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In addition, the second stage avoids the inversion being caught in a local minima. See Szuberla et al (2009), Szuberla and Arnoult (2011), and Rowell et al (2014) for additional details on srcLoc.…”

Section: In-network Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Envelope‐Based Detection and Location of Ground‐Coupled Airwaves from Volcanoes in Alaska

Fee¹,

Haney²,

Matoza³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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Volcanic explosions and other infrasonic sources frequently produce acoustic waves that are recorded by seismometers. Here we explore multiple techniques to detect, locate, and characterize ground-coupled airwaves (GCA) on volcano seismic networks in Alaska. GCA waveforms are typically incoherent between stations, thus we use envelope-based techniques in our analyses. For distant sources and planar waves, we use f-k beamforming to estimate back azimuth and trace velocity parameters. For spherical waves originating within the network, we use two related time difference of arrival (TDOA) methods to detect and localize the source. We investigate a modified envelope function to enhance the signal-to-noise ratio and emphasize both high energies and energy contrasts within a spectrogram. We apply these methods to recent eruptions from Cleveland, Veniaminof, and Pavlof Volcanoes, Alaska. Array processing of GCA from Cleveland Volcano on 4 May 2013 produces robust detection and wave characterization. Our modified envelopes substantially improve the shortterm average/long-term average ratios, enhancing explosion detection. We detect GCA within both the Veniaminof and Pavlof networks from the 2007 and 2013-2014 activity, indicating repeated volcanic explosions. Event clustering and forward modeling suggests that high-resolution localization is possible for GCA on typical volcano seismic networks. These results indicate that GCA can be used to help detect, locate, characterize, and monitor volcanic eruptions, particularly in difficult-to-monitor regions. We have implemented these GCA detection algorithms into our operational volcanomonitoring algorithms at the Alaska Volcano Observatory.

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“…† For example Johnson and Dudgeon (1992). ‡ Szuberla et al (2009) and Rowell et al (2014). § Zhang et al (2010) and Haney (2010).…”

Section: Modified Spectrogrammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: In-network Localizationmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Seismic Envelope‐Based Detection and Location of Ground‐Coupled Airwaves from Volcanoes in Alaska

Fee¹,

Haney²,

Matoza³

et al. 2016

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…Infrasound waves associated with these local arrivals may be affected by refraction, advection, and scattering in the troposphere or lower stratosphere and are often highly influenced by weather conditions in the region of propagation dominated by tropospheric waveguides Szuberla et al, 2009). Regardless of the particular source generating the infrasound, local infrasound waves can behave similarly to direct acoustic waves that travel nearly horizontally because the signal interacts with the ground surface much more than long-range infrasound waves that turn high in the atmosphere, in the upper stratosphere or thermosphere.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Topographic effects on infrasound propagation

McKenna

Gibson

Walker

et al. 2012

The Journal of the Acoustical Society of America

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Infrasound data were collected using portable arrays in a region of variable terrain elevation to quantify the effects of topography on observed signal amplitude and waveform features at distances less than 25 km from partially contained explosive sources during the Frozen Rock Experiment (FRE) in 2006. Observed infrasound signals varied in amplitude and waveform complexity, indicating propagation effects that are due in part to repeated local maxima and minima in the topography on the scale of the dominant wavelengths of the observed data. Numerical simulations using an empirically derived pressure source function combining published FRE accelerometer data and historical data from Project ESSEX, a time-domain parabolic equation model that accounted for local terrain elevation through terrain-masking, and local meteorological atmospheric profiles were able to explain some but not all of the observed signal features. Specifically, the simulations matched the timing of the observed infrasound signals but underestimated the waveform amplitude observed behind terrain features, suggesting complex scattering and absorption of energy associated with variable topography influences infrasonic energy more than previously observed.

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“…In this study we test and compare novel 3-D acoustic source localization techniques (Szuberla et al, 2009;Jones and Johnson, 2011). In Section 2, we first discuss some of the theory behind jet noise, particularly as it relates to noise source distribution within the jet.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Three-dimensional volcano-acoustic source localization at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

Rowell

Fee

Szuberla

et al. 2014

Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research

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We test two methods of 3-D acoustic source localization on volcanic explosions and small-scale jetting events at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia. Recent infrasound studies have provided evidence that volcanic jets produce low-frequency aerodynamic sound (jet noise) similar to that from man-made jet engines. Man-made jets are known to produce sound through turbulence along the jet axis, but discrimination of sources along the axis of a volcanic jet requires a network of sufficient topographic relief to attain resolution in the vertical dimension. At Karymsky Volcano, the topography of an eroded edifice adjacent to the active cone provided a platform for the atypical deployment of five infrasound sensors with intra-network relief of ~600 m in July 2012. A novel 3-D inverse localization method, srcLoc, is tested and compared against a more common grid-search semblance technique. Simulations using synthetic signals indicate that srcLoc is capable of determining vertical source locations for this network configuration to within ±150 m or better. However, srcLoc locations for explosions and jetting at Karymsky Volcano show a persistent overestimation of source elevation and underestimation of sound speed by an average of ~330 m and 25 m/s, respectively. The semblance method is able to produce more realistic source locations by fixing the sound speed to expected values of 335-340 m/s. The consistency of location errors for both explosions and jetting activity over a wide range of wind and temperature conditions points to the influence of topography. Explosion waveforms exhibit amplitude relationships and waveform distortion strikingly similar to those theorized by modeling studies of wave diffraction around the crater rim. We suggest delay of signals and apparent elevated source locations are due to altered raypaths and/or crater diffraction effects. Our results suggest the influence of topography in the vent region must be accounted for when attempting 3-D volcano acoustic source localization. Though the data presented here are insufficient to resolve noise sources for these jets, which are much smaller in scale than those of previous volcanic jet noise studies, similar techniques may be successfully applied to large volcanic jets in the future.

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Explosion localization via infrasound

Cited by 17 publications

References 13 publications

Seismic Envelope‐Based Detection and Location of Ground‐Coupled Airwaves from Volcanoes in Alaska

Seismic Envelope‐Based Detection and Location of Ground‐Coupled Airwaves from Volcanoes in Alaska

Topographic effects on infrasound propagation

Three-dimensional volcano-acoustic source localization at Karymsky Volcano, Kamchatka, Russia

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