Exploring variations in under-5 mortality in Nigeria using league table, control chart and spatial analysis

Uthman, Olalekan A.; Aiyedun, Victor; Yahaya, Ismail

doi:10.1093/pubmed/fdr050

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…Although under-five mortality decreased from 211 per 1,000 live births in 1990 to 114 in 2020 [ 2 ], Nigeria failed to achieve the Millennium Development Goal 4 to reduce childhood mortality by two-thirds. Important geographical and socio-economic variation in child mortality exists [ 3 ], however malaria, diarrhoea and pneumonia remain the main causes of post-neonatal child mortality in Nigeria [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of care-seeking behaviour for fever, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea among children under five in Nigeria

Adeoti

Cavallaro

2022

PLoS ONE

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Background Despite available, inexpensive and effective treatments, malaria, diarrhoea, and pneumonia still contribute the majority of the global burden of childhood morbidity and mortality. Nigeria has the highest absolute numbers of child deaths worldwide. Appropriate care-seeking is important for prompt diagnosis, appropriate and timely treatment, and prevention of complications. The objective of this cross-sectional study was to examine the prevalence of and factors associated with appropriate care-seeking for childhood illnesses. Methods We used the most recent Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (2018) to assess the prevalence of appropriate care-seeking among mothers of children under five with symptoms of common childhood illnesses. For diarrhoea, we defined appropriate care-seeking as seeking care from a formal health provider. For fever and acute respiratory infection (ARI), appropriate care-seeking was defined as seeking care from a formal provider the day of or after symptom onset. Multivariate logistic regression was carried out to assess factors associated with optimal care-seeking for each illness. Results At least 25% of parents did not seek any care for children with fever or ARI; this figure was over one third for diarrhoea. Only 15% and 13% of caregivers showed appropriate care-seeking for their children with fever and ARI respectively, and 27% of mothers sought care from a formal provider for diarrhoea. Predictors of appropriate care-seeking varied according to childhood illness. Previous facility delivery was the only risk factor associated with increased odds of appropriate care-seeking for all three illnesses; other risk factors varied between illnesses. Conclusion Overall, care-seeking for childhood illnesses was suboptimal among caregivers in Nigeria. Interventions to increase caregivers’ awareness of the importance of appropriate care-seeking are needed alongside quality of care interventions that reinforce people’s trust in formal health facilities, to improve timely care-seeking and ultimately reduce the high burden of child deaths in Nigeria.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Determinants of care-seeking behaviour for fever, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea among children under five in Nigeria

Adeoti

Cavallaro

2022

PLoS ONE

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“…A significant number of studies have been carried out on under 5 mortality in Nigeria such as studies by Caldwell and McDonald,1982 ; Ojikutu, 2008 ; Antai, 2011 ; Bamgboye, Clement, Adejuwolo, & Duro, 2012 ; Kayode, Adekanmbi, & Uthman, 2012 ; Akinyemi, Bamgboye, & Ayeni, 2013 ; Izugbara, 2014 ; Abu, Madu, & Ajaero, 2015 ; Chuckwu and Okonkwo, 2015 ; Ezeh, Agho, Dibley, Hall, & Page, 2015 Bako, Maiwada, Abubakar, & Akwo, 2016 ; Adebowale (2017) ; Adewemimo et al (2017) among others. However, these studies are largely determinant studies focused on investigating differentials in and risk factors of under 5 mortality without statistically assessing spatial/geographical patterns of under 5 mortality while the few studies that have done so did not examine spatial clustering across states in Nigeria over time ( Adebayo et al, 2004 , Uthman et al, 2012 ). Nevertheless, spatial pattern analysis is fundamental to understanding and tackling the problem of under 5 mortality.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Spatio-temporal patterns of under 5 mortality in Nigeria

Ayoade

2018

SSM - Population Health

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“…However, ‘how’, ‘where’, ‘when’ and to ‘whom’ health performance indicators are presented could also determine their level of influence in decision making processes and content. Among the commonly used graphical techniques for presenting performance data are league tables, control charts and spatial analyses [8]. …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploring variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria using league table, control chart and spatial analysis

2013

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BackgroundStunting, linear growth retardation is the best measure of child health inequalities as it captures multiple dimensions of children’s health, development and environment where they live. The developmental priorities and socially acceptable health norms and practices in various regions and states within Nigeria remains disaggregated and with this, comes the challenge of being able to ascertain which of the regions and states identifies with either high or low childhood stunting to further investigate the risk factors and make recommendations for action oriented policy decisions.MethodsWe used data from the birth histories included in the 2008 Nigeria Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) to estimate childhood stunting. Stunting was defined as height for age below minus two standard deviations from the median height for age of the standard World Health Organization reference population. We plotted control charts of the proportion of childhood stunting for the 37 states (including federal capital, Abuja) in Nigeria. The Local Indicators of Spatial Association (LISA) were used as a measure of the overall clustering and is assessed by a test of a null hypothesis.ResultsChildhood stunting is high in Nigeria with an average of about 39%. The percentage of children with stunting ranged from 11.5% in Anambra state to as high as 60% in Kebbi State. Ranking of states with respect to childhood stunting is as follows: Anambra and Lagos states had the least numbers with 11.5% and 16.8% respectively while Yobe, Zamfara, Katsina, Plateau and Kebbi had the highest (with more than 50% of their under-fives having stunted growth).ConclusionsChildhood stunting is high in Nigeria and varied significantly across the states. The northern states have a higher proportion than the southern states. There is an urgent need for studies to explore factors that may be responsible for these special cause variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria.

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Exploring variations in under-5 mortality in Nigeria using league table, control chart and spatial analysis

Cited by 14 publications

References 14 publications

Determinants of care-seeking behaviour for fever, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea among children under five in Nigeria

Determinants of care-seeking behaviour for fever, acute respiratory infection and diarrhoea among children under five in Nigeria

Spatio-temporal patterns of under 5 mortality in Nigeria

Exploring variations in childhood stunting in Nigeria using league table, control chart and spatial analysis

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