Exploring Triacylglycerol Biosynthetic Pathway in Developing Seeds of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.): A Transcriptomic Approach

Sreedhar, R. V.; Kumari, Priya; Rupwate, Sunny D.; Rajasekharan, Ram; Srinivasan, Malathi

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0123580

Cited by 34 publications

(29 citation statements)

References 35 publications

(43 reference statements)

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“…MAG is converted to DAG by MAG acyltransferase (MGAT) that transfers an acyl moiety from acyl-CoA to MAG. Finally, DAG is then acylated by DAG acyltransferase (DGAT) to produce TAG (Sreedhar, Priya, Sunny, Ram, & Malathi, 2015;Vijayaraj et al, 2012).…”

Section: Identified Proteins From Chia Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The MGAT can be soluble, as above, or associated with oleosin. In this case, MGAT has a role to form TAG that will be stored in oleosin (Sreedhar et al, 2015). Because of this, MGAT can have a role in preserving unsaturated fatty acids in plants, such as Ricinus communis, Brassica napus, and maize (Baud & Lepiniec, 2010).…”

Section: Identified Proteins From Chia Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review

Grancieri

Martino

Mejía

2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

182

121

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The consumption of chia seed (Salvia hispanica L.) has increased in recent years due its high content of omega‐3 fatty acids and dietary fiber. This seed also has a high concentration of proteins and essential amino acids, becoming a promising source of bioactive peptides. The objective of this review was to identify the composition and the beneficial effects of chia seeds (S. hispanica L.), their proteins, peptides, and their potential impact on human health. The UniProt database was used to identify the chia proteins and their amino acid sequences. The BIOPEP database was used to analyze the peptides's bioactive potential. A total of 20 proteins were cataloged in chia seed, 12 of those were involved in the regular metabolic processes of the plant cells. However, eight proteins were specifically related to production and storage of plant lipids, thus explaining the high concentration of lipids in chia seeds (around 30%), especially omega‐3 fatty acids (around 20%). The analyses of amino acid sequences showed peptides with bioactive potential, including dipeptidyl peptidase‐IV inhibitors, angiotensin‐converting enzyme inhibitors, and antioxidant capacity. These results correlated with the main health benefits of whole chia seed in humans such as antioxidant capacity, and hypotensive, hypoglycemic, and anticholesterolemic effects. Such relation can be associated with chia protein and peptide compositions and therefore needs further investigation in vitro and in vivo.

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Section: Identified Proteins From Chia Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Identified Proteins From Chia Seedsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review

Grancieri

Martino

Mejía

2019

Comp Rev Food Sci Food Safe

182

121

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“…Besides perilla, flax ( Linum usitatissimum ), sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L. ), and chai ( Salvia hispanica L ., a member of mint family Lamiacease ) also contain high percentage of ALA in seed oil [ 14 ]. Seed transcriptome data of Chai [ 16 ] and sacha inchi ( Plukenetia volubilis L. ) [ 17 ] have been published, but a few genes contributing to the accumulation of ω-3 FA have been characterized for their expression profiles during seed development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with ω-3 fatty acid biosynthesis in Perilla frutescens (L.) var. frutescens

et al. 2016

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BackgroundPerilla (Perilla frutescens (L.) var frutescens) produces high levels of α-linolenic acid (ALA), a ω-3 fatty acid important to health and development. To uncover key genes involved in fatty acid (FA) and triacylglycerol (TAG) synthesis in perilla, we conducted deep sequencing of cDNAs from developing seeds and leaves for understanding the mechanism underlying ALA and seed TAG biosynthesis.ResultsPerilla cultivar Dayudeulkkae contains 66.0 and 56.2 % ALA in seeds and leaves, respectively. Using Illumina HiSeq 2000, we have generated a total of 392 megabases of raw sequences from four mRNA samples of seeds at different developmental stages and one mature leaf sample of Dayudeulkkae. De novo assembly of these sequences revealed 54,079 unique transcripts, of which 32,237 belong to previously annotated genes. Among the annotated genes, 66.5 % (21,429 out of 32,237) showed highest sequences homology with the genes from Mimulus guttatus, a species placed under the same Lamiales order as perilla. Using Arabidopsis acyl-lipid genes as queries, we searched the transcriptome and identified 540 unique perilla genes involved in all known pathways of acyl-lipid metabolism. We characterized the expression profiles of 43 genes involved in FA and TAG synthesis using quantitative PCR. Key genes were identified through sequence and gene expression analyses.ConclusionsThis work is the first report on building transcriptomes from perilla seeds. The work also provides the first comprehensive expression profiles for genes involved in seed oil biosynthesis. Bioinformatic analysis indicated that our sequence collection represented a major transcriptomic resource for perilla that added valuable genetic information in order Lamiales. Our results provide critical information not only for studies of the mechanisms involved in ALA synthesis, but also for biotechnological production of ALA in other oilseeds.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12864-016-2805-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

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“…The amino acid sequences of their corresponding homologs taken from TAIR ( https://www.arabidopsis.org/ ) database served as a query for a TBLASTN search against assembled transcripts of S . hispanica [ 3 ]. Local blast (TBLASTN) was done using the software given in the following link ( https://www.blaststation.com/intl/en/blaststation2.php ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transcriptome analysis has been performed recently on the developing seeds of S . hispanica and different enzymes have been identified that are proposed to play a pivotal role in the flux of ALA into triacylglycerol (TAG) [ 3 ]. To further our understanding of biosynthetic pathway leading to the accumulation of ALA in TAG, gene expression analysis is an important tool.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in Salvia hispanica

2017

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Quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (qRT-PCR) has become the most popular choice for gene expression studies. For accurate expression analysis, it is pertinent to select a stable reference gene to normalize the data. It is now known that the expression of internal reference genes varies considerably during developmental stages and under different experimental conditions. For Salvia hispanica, an economically important oilseed crop, there are no reports of stable reference genes till date. In this study, we chose 13 candidate reference genes viz. Actin11 (ACT), Elongation factor 1-alpha (EF1-α), Eukaryotic translation initiation factor 3E (ETIF3E), alpha tubulin (α-TUB), beta tubulin (β-TUB), Glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH), Cyclophilin (CYP), Clathrin adaptor complex (CAC), Serine/threonine-protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A), FtsH protease (FtsH), 18S ribosomal RNA (18S rRNA), S-adenosyl methionine decarboxylase (SAMDC) and Rubisco activase (RCA) and the expression levels of these genes were assessed in a diverse set of tissue samples representing vegetative stages, reproductive stages and various abiotic stress treatments. Two of the widely used softwares, geNorm and Normfinder were used to evaluate the expression stabilities of these 13 candidate reference genes under different conditions. Results showed that GAPDH and CYP expression remain stable throughout in the different abiotic stress treatments, CAC and PP2A expression were relatively stable under reproductive stages and α-TUB, PP2A and ETIF3E were found to be stably expressed in vegetative stages. Further, the expression levels of Diacylglycerol acyltransferase (DGAT1), a key enzyme in triacylglycerol synthesis was analyzed to confirm the validity of reference genes identified in the study. This is the first systematic study of selection of reference genes in S. hispanica, and will benefit future expression studies in this crop.

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Exploring Triacylglycerol Biosynthetic Pathway in Developing Seeds of Chia (Salvia hispanica L.): A Transcriptomic Approach

Cited by 34 publications

References 35 publications

Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review

Chia Seed (Salvia hispanica L.) as a Source of Proteins and Bioactive Peptides with Health Benefits: A Review

Transcriptome analysis and identification of genes associated with ω-3 fatty acid biosynthesis in Perilla frutescens (L.) var. frutescens

Selection and validation of appropriate reference genes for quantitative real-time PCR analysis in Salvia hispanica

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