Exploring thermocline and water masses variability in southern South China Sea from the World Ocean Database (WOD)

Johari, Afifi; Akhir, Mohd Fadzil

doi:10.1007/s13131-019-1368-8

Cited by 15 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 12 publications

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“…However, the lack of shallow water sampling and relatively sparse spatial distribution of Argo floats in the SCS make it difficult to resolve coastal and small‐scale salinity features. Other historical measurements based on moorings, research cruises, drifters and others, are primarily confined to the shallow water and irregularly distributed (Johari & Akhir, 2019). Overall, the existing in situ measurements are unable to examine the broad scale SSS variability on multiple time scales in the SCS.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the South China Sea

Melnichenko

Hacker

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

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The South China Sea (SCS) is the largest marginal sea in southeastern Asia and has a far-reaching influence on the regional and global climate (Hu et al., 2000). As a combination of a marginal sea and a deep sea, the SCS has an extended continental shelf in the south and extends deeper than 5,000 m in the central region (Figure 1). It has complicated dynamical features, including large-scale wind-driven gyres, deep thermohaline circulation, as well as energetic mesoscale eddies and turbulence (Huang & Du, 2015). Linking the Pacific and Indian Oceans, the SCS provides water mass exchange carried by numerous straits and is one of the busiest maritime routes in the world. Climatically, the SCS is part of the Indo-Pacific warm pool which acts as an "engine" to drive the global Walker and Hadley cells through strong atmospheric convection (De Deckker, 2016). By providing a slow but more predictable component of the climate system, the SCS is believed to play a significant role in regulating the sea surface temperature (SST) and sea surface salinity (SSS) patterns in the Maritime Continent and adjacent western Pacific and eastern Indian Oceans, directly

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the South China Sea

Melnichenko

Hacker

et al. 2020

JGR Oceans

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“…The CTD profiles for this investigation are obtained from the World Ocean Database 2013 (WOD13), provided by NODC. It has been widely adopted for oceanographic, climate, and modeling researches [26], [27]. In this work, the CTD profiles are selected in the WOD select mode and sorted by ocean area and latitudes (Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

New Results on Joint Classification of Vertical Structure of Ocean Properties at a Global Scale

Zheng

Zhou

et al. 2020

IEEE Access

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Ocean temperature, salinity, and electric conductivity are essential ocean properties. Their structure and changes directly impact physical, chemical and biological processes in oceans. Since the 1970s, numerous researches have focused on the morphological analysis of vertical profiles in oceanography. However, due to the complexity of an ocean environment, most of them are conducted at local scales or only focus on single elements, e.g., ocean temperature or salinity. This work aims to achieve the joint classification of the vertical structure of ocean properties at a global scale and present two-dimension regional characteristics. Based on 150 seawater profiles from the National Oceanographic Data Center, this work explores such characteristics of ocean temperature, salinity and electric conductivity in the deep sea and achieves globalscale joint classification. We demonstrate that their vertical features have clear regional characteristics and can be classified into four types, i.e., bidirectional gradient, homo-dromous contravariant, homo-dromous gradient, and homodromous gradient (salinity) ones. In addition, our results prove that there exist the power-law distributions of these three factors in intermediate water, which may be explained through the self-organization theory. Moreover, the 'up-tail' phenomenon is widely discovered in the vertical structure of electric conductivity, and it may be considered as a combined effect caused by temperature, pressure, and salinity. INDEX TERMS Vertical structure, joint classification, ocean temperature, salinity, electric conductivity, power-law behavior.

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“…It occurs down to depths of ∼50 m and is reported to tolerate a range of seawater salinities (10-35 psu), temperatures (15-30 • C), suspended solids (20 mg L −1 ) and dissolved oxygen (<5 mg L −1 ) (Trong et al, 2000;Kwan et al, 2018). The present range of temperatures in Brunei waters is 25-31 • C (see Supplementary Figure 1; Lane, 2011;Johari and Akhir, 2019).…”

Section: Snail Collection and Handlingmentioning

confidence: 96%

Metabolic Regulation, Oxygen Limitation and Heat Tolerance in a Subtidal Marine Gastropod Reveal the Complexity of Predicting Climate Change Vulnerability

Marshall

McQuaid

2020

Front. Physiol.

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Predictions for climate vulnerability of ectotherms have focused on performance-enhancing physiology, even though an organism’s energetic state can also be balanced by lowering resting maintenance costs. Adaptive metabolic depression (hypometabolism) enables animals to endure food scarcity, and physically extreme and variable environmental conditions. Hypometabolism is common in terrestrial and intertidal marine gastropod species, though this physiology and tolerance of environmental change are poorly understood in subtidal benthic gastropods. We investigated oxygen limitation tolerance, hypometabolism and thermal performance in the subtidal, tropical snail Turritella bacillum . Survival, cardiac activity and oxygen debt repayment were determined when oxygen uptake was limited by gill function impairment (air exposure) or exposure to hypoxic seawater. Thermal performance and tolerance were assessed from survival and cardiac performance when heated. The ability of snails to regulate metabolism during oxygen limitation was demonstrated by their tolerance of air exposure (>36 h) and hypoxia (>16 h), rhythmicity and reversibility of bradycardia, and inconsistent anaerobic compensation. Under acute heating, mean heart rate was temperature-insensitive in water and temperature-dependent in air. Converging or peaking of individual heart rates during heating suggest maximization of thermal performance at 38–39°C, whereas survival and heartbeat flatlining suggest an upper thermal limit exceeding 42°C. Snails survived 16 h in seawater at 38°C. Their metabolic regulation complies with the oxygen-limiting, sediment-burrowing lifestyle of the species. Although a tropical organism, the species’ thermal tolerance so far exceeds present habitat temperatures as to question its susceptibility to centennial climate warming. Our findings reveal the importance of knowing the metabolic regulatory capabilities and conserved physiological attributes of species used in climate vulnerability tests. Studies of ectotherm climate vulnerability that identify generalized trends based on physiologically similar animals may be misleading by missing information on physiological diversity.

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Exploring thermocline and water masses variability in southern South China Sea from the World Ocean Database (WOD)

Cited by 15 publications

References 12 publications

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the South China Sea

Remote Sensing of Sea Surface Salinity Variability in the South China Sea

New Results on Joint Classification of Vertical Structure of Ocean Properties at a Global Scale

Metabolic Regulation, Oxygen Limitation and Heat Tolerance in a Subtidal Marine Gastropod Reveal the Complexity of Predicting Climate Change Vulnerability

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