Exploring the Zn-regulated function in Co–Zn catalysts for efficient hydrogenation of ethyl levulinate to γ-valerolactone

Abstract

A series of CoZn catalysts supported on N-doped porous carbon (CoxZny@NPC-T) with controlled Zn content prepared under different calcination temperature are studied for catalytic hydrogenation of biomass-based ethyl levulinate to...

Synthesis of γ-Valerolactone from Levulinic Acid with Co/NC, and from Furfural via Cascade Reaction Using Co/NC and H-Beta

“…All the catalysts demonstrated a H 2 -TPD signal in 400–600 °C, indicating the desorption of chemisorbed “H” species from the material (Figure S7a). The H 2 -TPD peaks beyond 600 °C suggest the reverse spillover of hydrogen . Hydrogen reverse spillover involves the migration of adsorbed hydrogen atoms from an oxide (or other nonmetal surface) to a metal, where they recombine into molecular hydrogen.…”

“…A minor peak in the temperature range of 100−300 °C and a more prominent peak at 450−600 °C were observed, indicating the weak and strongstrength basic sites, respectively 12 (Figure S7b). NH 3 -TPD of NC and 10% Co/NC shows the Lewis acidity in 10% Co/NC due to the Co 2+ , whereas NC as a support was devoid of any acidity 38 (Figure S7c). NH 3 -TPD analysis was performed for Hbeta to assess its acidity.…”