Exploring the Within-Person Coupling of Reading Vision and Cognition in the Elderly

Weatherbee, Sarah R.; Gamaldo, Alyssa A.; Allaire, Jason C.

doi:10.1080/13825580902871034

Cited by 11 publications

(17 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…The total score ranged from 0 to 35 with 35 signifying the highest level of cognitive function. Persons with relatively low cognitive function may place a lower value on good vision, e.g., read less often, 24 be less future-oriented or be less able to comprehend the potential consequences of not getting recommended care. 25 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaps in Receipt of Regular Eye Examinations among Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Diabetes or Chronic Eye Diseases

2014

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Objective To examine a wide range of factors associated with regular eye exam receipt among elderly individuals diagnosed with glaucoma, age-related macular degeneration, or diabetes mellitus (DM). Design Retrospective analysis of Medicare claims linked to survey data from the Health and Retirement Study (HRS). Participants The sample consisted of 2,151 Medicare beneficiaries who responded to the HRS. Methods Medicare beneficiaries with at least 1 of the 3 study diagnoses were identified by diagnosis codes and merged with survey information. The same individuals were followed over 5 years divided into 4 15-month periods. Predictors of the number of periods with an eye exam evaluated were beneficiary demographic characteristics, income, health, cognitive, and physical function, health behaviors, subjective beliefs about longevity, the length of the individual’s financial planning horizon, supplemental health insurance coverage, eye disease diagnoses and low vision/blindness at baseline. We performed logit analysis of the number of 15-month periods in which beneficiaries received an eye exam. Main Outcome Measures The primary outcome measure was the number of 15-month periods with an eye examination. Results Only one third of beneficiaries with the study’s chronic diseases saw an eye care provider in all 4 follow-up periods despite having Medicare. A quarter only obtained an eye exam at most during 1 of the 4 15-month follow-up periods. Among the 3 groups of patients studied, utilization was particularly low for persons with diagnosed DM and no eye complications. Age, marriage, education and a higher score on the Charlson index were associated with more periods with an eye exam. Male gender, being limited in Instrumental Activities of Daily Living at baseline, distance to the nearest ophthalmologist, and low cognitive function were associated with a reduction in frequency of eye exams. Conclusions Rates of eye exams for elderly persons with DM or frequently occurring eye diseases, especially for DM, remain far below recommended levels in a nationally representative sample of persons with health insurance coverage. Several factors, including limited physical and cognitive function, and greater distance to an ophthalmologist, but not health insurance coverage, account for variation in regular use.

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Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gaps in Receipt of Regular Eye Examinations among Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Diabetes or Chronic Eye Diseases

2014

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“…Intraindividual variability has been observed across several physical and mental health parameters. Specifically, intraindividual variability has shown to be a reliable and quantifiable index of cognitive performance (Allaire & Marsiske, 2005;Hultsch, MacDonald, & Dixon, 2002), affect (Kuppens, Van Mechelen, Smits, De Boeck, & Ceulemans, 2007), stress (Neupert, Almeida, Mroczek, & Spiro, 2006), control beliefs (Neupert & Allaire, 2012), sensorimotor functioning (Li, Aggen, Nesselroade, & Baltes, 2001), blood pressure (Gamaldo, Weatherbee, & Allaire, 2008), sleep (Gamaldo, Allaire, & Whitfield, 2010), vision (Weatherbee, Gamaldo, & Allaire, 2009), and daily activities (Ghisletta, Nesselroade, Featherman, & Rowe, 2002).…”

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confidence: 99%

Daily Fluctuations in Everyday Cognition

Gamaldo

Allaire

2015

J Aging Health

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“…A recent study estimated that a mild decline in hearing ability is equivalent to an increase of 6.8 years in chronological age in terms of the negative effects on cognitive function (Lin et al 2011 ). Similarly, studies have found that poorer visual function in older adults is related to worse fluid intelligence and memory span, (Clay et al 2009 ), and to diminished episodic memory, reasoning, and speed of processing (Weatherbee et al 2009 ). Thus, it appears that an important consequence of degradations in sensory processing is a robust compromise in cognitive processing.…”

Section: Negative Neuroplasticity In Agingmentioning

confidence: 94%

Negative Neuroplasticity in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Neurorehabilitation

et al. 2014

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Based on growing findings of brain volume loss and deleterious white matter alterations during the chronic stages of injury, researchers posit that moderate-severe traumatic brain injury (TBI) may act to “age” the brain by reducing reserve capacity and inducing neurodegeneration. Evidence that these changes correlate with poorer cognitive and functional outcomes corroborates this progressive characterization of chronic TBI. Borrowing from a framework developed to explain cognitive aging (Mahncke et al., Progress in Brain Research, 157, 81–109, 2006a; Mahncke et al., Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 103(33), 12523–12528, 2006b), we suggest here that environmental factors (specifically environmental impoverishment and cognitive disuse) contribute to a downward spiral of negative neuroplastic change that may modulate the brain changes described above. In this context, we review new literature supporting the original aging framework, and its extrapolation to chronic TBI. We conclude that negative neuroplasticity may be one of the mechanisms underlying cognitive and neural decline in chronic TBI, but that there are a number of points of intervention that would permit mitigation of this decline and better long-term clinical outcomes.

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Exploring the Within-Person Coupling of Reading Vision and Cognition in the Elderly

Cited by 11 publications

References 28 publications

Gaps in Receipt of Regular Eye Examinations among Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Diabetes or Chronic Eye Diseases

Gaps in Receipt of Regular Eye Examinations among Medicare Beneficiaries Diagnosed with Diabetes or Chronic Eye Diseases

Daily Fluctuations in Everyday Cognition

Negative Neuroplasticity in Chronic Traumatic Brain Injury and Implications for Neurorehabilitation

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