Exploring the virome of cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis of unknown etiology by metagenomics

Wüthrich, Daniel; Boujon, Céline Louise; Truchet, Laura; Selimovic-Hamza, Senija; Oevermann, Anna; Bouzalas, Ilias; Bruggmann, Rémy; Seuberlich, Torsten

doi:10.1016/j.virol.2016.03.009

Cited by 44 publications

(73 citation statements)

References 28 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The fact that the presence of neurotropic astroviruses has been shown independently by 2 groups on 2 continents, and later found in more animals, strongly supports the hypothesis of the clinical relevance of CNS infections with astroviruses. In addition, none of the control animals was positive for neurotropic candidate astroviruse s in a recent case‐control study . However, astrovirus infection may only explain some but not all nonsuppurative encephalitis cases.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Clinical Signs in Cattle With Astrovirus‐Associated Encephalitis

Deiss

Selimovic-Hamza

Seuberlich

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

BackgroundEvidence of neurotropic astroviruses has been established using novel genetic methods in cattle suffering from viral encephalitis of previously unknown origin.ObjectivesTo describe the clinical signs observed in cattle with astrovirus‐associated encephalitis.AnimalsEight cattle (4 cows, 3 heifers, and 1 bull of 4 different breeds) admitted to the Clinic for Ruminants for neurologic disease and 1 cow investigated in the field.MethodsCases were selected based on neuropathologic diagnosis of nonsuppurative encephalitis, positive in situ hybridization result for astrovirus, and availability of the results of physical and neurologic evaluations. Laboratory results were evaluated if available.ResultsThe most frequently observed clinical signs were decreased awareness of surroundings (7), cranial nerve dysfunction (5), and recumbency (5). The cow seen in the field was the only animal that had severe behavioral changes. Cell counts in cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were increased in 4 animals, and protein concentration was increased in 3 of 5 specimens. In 1 case, the presence of astrovirus could be identified in a CSF sample by reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction. Other laboratory abnormalities were nonspecific.Conclusions and Clinical ImportanceAstrovirus infection may be an important differential diagnosis in cattle with clinical signs of brain disease and should be considered after exclusion of other causes. The clinical and epidemiological relevance of encephalitis associated with astrovirus infection should be further investigated.

show abstract

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Neurologic Clinical Signs in Cattle With Astrovirus‐Associated Encephalitis

Deiss

Selimovic-Hamza

Seuberlich

et al. 2017

Veterinary Internal Medicne

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Similarly, astroviruses are not associated with a significant burden of diarrheal disease in bovine species. The first bovine astrovirus was detected in England in 1978 [66] and bovine astrovirus strains have been detection in association with neurological disease, including encephalitis (BoAstV-CH13/NeuroS1) [14,15,16,67,68,69] and diarrheal disease in calves in South Korea [70] and cattle and buffalo calves in China [71]. Two serotypes were previously recognized, BoAstV-1 and BoAstV-2 [72], however based on phylogenetic analysis there are multiple lineages of BoAstV strains circulating in farmed bovine populations, and the close clustering of bovine, porcine, and ovine strains in multiple lineages reflects the common interspecies transmission events that occur between farmed animals (Figure 1a,b).…”

Section: Non-human Mastvmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses

Donato

Vijaykrishna

2017

Viruses

136

144

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astroviruses are a diverse family of viruses that infect a wide range of mammalian and avian hosts. Here we describe the phylogenetic diversity and current classification methodology of astroviruses based on the ORF1b and ORF2 genes, highlighting the propensity of astroviruses to undergo interspecies transmission and genetic recombination which greatly increase diversity and complicate attempts at a unified and comprehensive classification strategy.

show abstract

“…In minks, an astrovirus genotype is the causative agent of shaking mink syndrome, a neurological disorder of minks characterized by tremors and seizures (40,41). Bovine astroviruses have been identified as a significant cause of encephalitis in cattle, as these viruses have been detected in 34% of previously unexplained cases of encephalitis (42)(43)(44)(45)(46)(47). An additional astrovirus genotype has also been identified as a cause of encephalitis in sheep (48).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Propagation of Astrovirus VA1, a Neurotropic Human Astrovirus, in Cell Culture

Janowski

Bauer

Holtz

et al. 2017

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Astrovirus VA1/HMO-C (VA1; mamastrovirus 9) is a recently discovered astrovirus genotype that is divergent from the classic human astroviruses (mamastrovirus 1). The gastrointestinal tract is presumed to be the primary site of infection and pathogenicity for astroviruses. However, VA1 has been independently detected in brain tissue of five cases of human encephalitis. Studies of the pathogenicity of VA1 are currently impossible because there are no reported cell culture systems or in vivo models that support VA1 infection. Here, we describe successful propagation of VA1 in multiple human cell lines. The initial inoculum, a filtered clinical stool sample from the index gastroenteritis case cluster that led to the discovery of VA1, was first passaged in Vero cells. Serial blind passage in Caco-2 cells yielded increasing copies of VA1 RNA, and multistep growth curves demonstrated a Ͼ100-fold increase in VA1 RNA 72 h after inoculation. The full-length genomic and subgenomic RNA strands were detected by Northern blotting, and crystalline lattices of viral particles of ϳ26-nm diameter were observed by electron microscopy in infected Caco-2 cells. Unlike other human astrovirus cell culture systems, which require addition of exogenous trypsin for continued propagation, VA1 could be propagated equally well with or without the addition of trypsin. Furthermore, VA1 was sensitive to the type I interferon (IFN-I) response, as VA1 RNA levels were reduced by pretreatment of Caco-2 cells with IFN-␤1a. The ability to propagate VA1 in cell culture will facilitate studies of the neurotropism and neuropathogenesis of VA1.IMPORTANCE Astroviruses are an emerging cause of central nervous system infections in mammals, and astrovirus VA1/HMO-C is the most prevalent astrovirus in cases of human encephalitis. This virus has not been previously propagated, preventing elucidation of the biology of this virus. We describe the first cell culture system for VA1, a key step necessary for the study of its ability to cause disease.KEYWORDS astrovirus, astrovirus VA1, cell culture, electron microscopy, encephalitis, pathogenesis, subgenomic RNA, viral propagation I nitially identified in 1975, members of the single-stranded, positive-sense RNA viral family Astroviridae have been frequently detected in vertebrate stool samples (1, 2). In humans, the first identified astrovirus species was mamastrovirus 1 (classic human astrovirus), and eight serotypes of this virus have been described (2-4). Most humans are exposed to the classic human astroviruses with seroprevalence as high as 94% to specific serotypes (5-9). The classic human astroviruses predominantly cause a selflimited gastrointestinal illness and have been characterized as the third-to fifth-mostcommon viral etiology of diarrhea and gastroenteritis in humans (10)(11)(12)(13)(14).Astroviruses contain three open reading frames (ORFs) and based on conserved genomic elements are hypothesized to share common mechanisms of replication (2). Astroviruses encode a slippery sequence and stem-...

show abstract

Exploring the virome of cattle with non-suppurative encephalitis of unknown etiology by metagenomics

Cited by 44 publications

References 28 publications

Neurologic Clinical Signs in Cattle With Astrovirus‐Associated Encephalitis

Neurologic Clinical Signs in Cattle With Astrovirus‐Associated Encephalitis

The Broad Host Range and Genetic Diversity of Mammalian and Avian Astroviruses

Propagation of Astrovirus VA1, a Neurotropic Human Astrovirus, in Cell Culture

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About