Exploring the structure of the GAD‐7 scale in primary care patients with emotional disorders: A network analysis approach

Moriana, Juan Antonio; Jurado-González, Francisco J.; García-Torres, Francisco; Contreras, Alba; Muñoz-Navarro, Roger; González‐Blanch, César; Medrano, Leonardo Adrián; Ruiz-Rodríguez, Paloma; Vindel, Antonio Cano

doi:10.1002/jclp.23217

Cited by 9 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 56 publications

(79 reference statements)

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“…These symptoms commonly occur among elderly individuals and are associated with lower physical and psychological health and life satisfaction, as well as higher mortality (52,53). Meanwhile, it is worth noting that 'di cult to relax' was the core symptom of anxiety, which is consistent with ndings from exploratory graph analysis (54). Therefore, such a symptom deserves serious attention in the prevention and intervention of CDA for elderly Chinese people.…”

Section: Cda Pro Lessupporting

confidence: 70%

Symptom Patterns of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety among Older Adults in China and Their Predictors: Latent Profile Analysis of a National Representative Sample

Chen

2023

Preprint

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Background Comorbid depression and anxiety causes serious psychological and physiological damage for older people. This study aimed to identify heterogeneous classes of comorbid depression and anxiety (CDA) among older people in China and to ascertain predictors of latent class membership. Methods Cross-sectional data of 10919 cases were extracted from the Chinese Longitudinal Healthy Longevity Survey. Latent profile analysis (LPA) was used to identify symptom patterns of comorbid depression (measured by the 10-item Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale) and anxiety (measured by the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item Scale). Multinomial logistic regressions following bivariate analyses were used to explore the relationship between the derived classes and the individual and social-level factors. Results Four patterns of CDA were identified: low symptoms of depression and anxiety (30.52%; n = 3333), mild depression only (53.26%; n = 5815), moderate depression and anxiety (13.82%; n = 1509), and severe depression and anxiety (2.40%; n = 262). Older people who are male, suffer from multimorbidity, and lack a healthy lifestyle are more likely to have problematic symptom profiles. While intimate relationships with partners and children significantly predicted CDA patterns, the effects of sibling relationships, daily life, or emotional support from the community were insignificant. Conclusions LPA identified four distinct CDA patterns among a representative sample of older Chinese people. While restless sleep, lack of positive emotions, uselessness, and weak concentration are salient across all profiles,‘difficult to relax’ is prominent in profiles high in anxiety. In addition to individual-level variables, social-level factors, especially intimate relationships with partners and children rather than general links to siblings or the community, have unneglectable impacts on whether and to what extent older Chinese adults suffer from CDA in the cultural context of relationism, patriarchy, and filial piety.

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Section: Cda Pro Lessupporting

confidence: 70%

Symptom Patterns of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety among Older Adults in China and Their Predictors: Latent Profile Analysis of a National Representative Sample

Chen

2023

Preprint

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“…The higher the score, the worse the subject's sleep quality. In this study, the scale has good reliability (0.80) and validity (0.864) in a previous study of Chinese population (Lu et al, 2014), and is widely used in the assessment of sleep quality in various populations (Fabbri et al, 2021;Moriana et al, 2022Moriana et al, ). 10.3389/fpsyg.2022 The Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale GAD-7 was compiled, and was recommended to the whole country by the Psychiatry Branch of the Chinese Medical Association on June 8, 2015.…”

Section: Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Indexmentioning

confidence: 51%

Sleep quality status, anxiety, and depression status of nurses in infectious disease department

Guo

et al. 2022

Front. Psychol.

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ObjectiveTo investigate the current status of sleep quality and influencing factors of clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals, and to provide basis and reference for improving their sleep status and providing psychological support.MethodsUsing convenience sampling method, clinical nurses from a tertiary hospital for infectious diseases were selected as the survey subjects in September 2021. General information questionnaire, Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire (PSQI), Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7), Depression Screening Scale (PHQ-9) were used for questionnaire surveys, and multiple linear regression was used to analyze the impact of decreased sleep quality in clinical nurses factor.ResultsA total of 460 questionnaires were returned, of which 442 were valid, effective rate is 96.09%. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) score of 442 clinical nurses was 7.07 ± 2.14, of which 60 (13.57%) had sleep disorders; the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) score was 4.77 ± 3.50, of which 182 (41.18%) had varying degrees of anxiety; The score of PHQ-9 was 5.95 ± 3.79, of which 187 (42.31%) had different degrees of depressive symptoms. The stepwise multiple linear regression analysis which involved PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores showed that: both the PHQ-9 score and the GAD-7 score were positively correlated with the sleep quality score, and the PHQ-9 score increased every time 1 point, sleep quality score increased by 0.239 points; GAD-7 score increased by 1 point, sleep quality score increased by 0.150 points. The overall model test (F = 109.760, P < 0.001) regression model is meaningful.ConclusionDecreased sleep quality is common among clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals, and the sleep status of nurses is positively correlated with anxiety and depression. Nursing managers pay attention to sleep quality of clinical nurses in infectious disease hospitals and carry out effective interventions to improve the sleep quality of nurses.

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“…Despite these considerations, the GAD-5 is a useful alternative in the general population that can be used in primary care settings, like the GAD-7 (11,12,(27)(28)(29)(30)(31), and during health emergencies such as the COVID-19 pandemic. In this respect, the GAD-5 offers the practicality of web-based application in addition to the novelty of the response format used.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measurement invariance of the GAD-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale in a Mexican general population sample

et al. 2022

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The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the measurement of invariance by sex, age, and educational level of an online version of the Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale in a five-item version (GAD-5). Configural, metric, scalar, and strict invariance were evaluated using data from 79,473 respondents who answered a mental health questionnaire during the COVID-19 pandemic in Mexico. The sex variable was classified as male or female; age was categorized as minors, youth, young adults, adults, and older adults; and educational level was divided into basic, upper secondary, higher, and graduate education. To test for configural invariance, confirmatory factor models were constructed. For metric invariance, equality restrictions were established for the factor loadings between the construct and its items; for scalar invariance, equality restrictions were established between the intercepts; strict variance implied the additional restriction of the residuals. Statistical analysis was performed in R software with the lavaan package. The results show that with respect to sex, age, and educational level, configural and metric measurement invariance was confirmed (ΔCFI < 0.002; ΔRMSEA < 0.015). However, with respect to scalar and strict invariance, the results showed significant differences regarding the fit model (ΔCFI > 0.002; ΔRMSEA > 0.015). We conclude that the GAD-5 presents configural and metric invariance for sex, age, and educational level, and scalar invariance for sex and age groups. However, the scale does not demonstrate strict invariance. We discuss the implications and suggest that this result could be related to the evaluation of sociodemographic variables.

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Exploring the structure of the GAD‐7 scale in primary care patients with emotional disorders: A network analysis approach

Cited by 9 publications

References 56 publications

Symptom Patterns of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety among Older Adults in China and Their Predictors: Latent Profile Analysis of a National Representative Sample

Symptom Patterns of Comorbid Depression and Anxiety among Older Adults in China and Their Predictors: Latent Profile Analysis of a National Representative Sample

Sleep quality status, anxiety, and depression status of nurses in infectious disease department

Measurement invariance of the GAD-5 Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale in a Mexican general population sample

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