Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing: the impact of synoptic weather, regional transport and heterogeneous reactions

Zheng, Guangjie; Duan, Fengkui; Su, Hang; L., Y.; Cheng, Yuan; Zheng, Bo; Zhang, Q.; Huang, Tao; Kimoto, Takashi; Chang, Di; Pöschl, Ulrich; Cheng, Yafang; He, Kebin

doi:10.5194/acp-15-2969-2015

Cited by 826 publications

(583 citation statements)

References 66 publications

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“…3 shows that on more polluted days, the decrease in PM 2.5 concentration is generally larger, indicating that the emission control measures in the residential sector decreased PM 2.5 concentrations more when air pollution concentrations were higher. During the heavy polluted periods in winter, the North China Plain is often dominated by a weak high-pressure system with low surface winds (13), which leads to weak mixing and diffusion; hence, emission reductions during those periods are particularly beneficial to local regions. In the BJR scenario, the average PM 2.5 concentration in Beijing decreased by 14 ± 7 μg·m −3 (mean and SD of 59-d daily average values) and the BASE PM 2.5 concentration decreased by 22 ± 6%.…”

Section: Annualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Mauzerall

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

414

217

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As part of the 12th Five-Year Plan, the Chinese government has developed air pollution prevention and control plans for key regions with a focus on the power, transport, and industrial sectors. Here, we investigate the contribution of residential emissions to regional air pollution in highly polluted eastern China during the heating season, and find that dramatic improvements in air quality would also result from reduction in residential emissions. We use the Weather Research and Forecasting model coupled with Chemistry to evaluate potential residential emission controls in Beijing and in the Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei (BTH) region. In January and February 2010, relative to the base case, eliminating residential emissions in Beijing reduced daily average surface PM 2.5 (particulate mater with aerodynamic diameter equal or smaller than 2.5 micrometer) concentrations by 14 ± 7 μg·m −3 (22 ± 6% of a baseline concentration of 67 ± 41 μg·m −3 ; mean ± SD). Eliminating residential emissions in the BTH region reduced concentrations by 28 ± 19 μg·m −3 (40 ± 9% of 67 ± 41 μg·m −3 ), 44 ± 27 μg·m −3 (43 ± 10% of 99 ± 54 μg·m −3 ), and 25 ± 14 μg·m −3 (35 ± 8% of 70 ± 35 μg·m −3 ) in Beijing, Tianjin, and Hebei provinces, respectively. Annually, elimination of residential sources in the BTH region reduced emissions of primary PM 2.5 by 32%, compared with 5%, 6%, and 58% achieved by eliminating emissions from the transportation, power, and industry sectors, respectively. We also find air quality in Beijing would benefit substantially from reductions in residential emissions from regional controls in Tianjin and Hebei, indicating the value of policies at the regional level.PM 2.5 | secondary aerosols | regional pollution transport | residential emissions | source contribution

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Section: Annualmentioning

confidence: 99%

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Mauzerall

Chen

et al. 2016

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

414

217

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…In the present work, on the basis of the latest national Ambient Air Quality Standards of China (GB3095-2012), the haze day is defined as a day with daily-averaged PM 2.5 concentration over 75 µg m −3 . The haze pollution episode is defined as the event that a set of continuous days with dailyaveraged PM 2.5 concentration exceeding 75 µg m −3 , which has been used to distinguish non-haze and haze episode in the literature (Che et al, 2014;Zhang et al, 2016;Zheng et al, 2015Zheng et al, , 2016. During this campaign, there were four haze pollution episodes at Wangdu site as follows: Episode 1 (4-6 June), Episode 2 (12-17 June), Episode 3 (29 June-3 July) and Episode 4 (5-7 July) with elevated average PM 2.5 concentrations (75, 92, 79 and 99 µg m −3 , respectively).…”

Section: General Observationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Wang

Chen

et al. 2016

Atmos. Chem. Phys.

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Abstract. Measurements of atmospheric peroxides were made during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at Wangdu, a rural site in the North China Plain (NCP) in summer 2014. The predominant peroxides were detected to be hydrogen peroxide (H 2 O 2 ), methyl hydroperoxide (MHP) and peroxyacetic acid (PAA). The observed H 2 O 2 reached up to 11.3 ppbv, which was the highest value compared with previous observations in China at summer time. A box model simulation based on the Master Chemical Mechanism and constrained by the simultaneous observations of physical parameters and chemical species was performed to explore the chemical budget of atmospheric peroxides. Photochemical oxidation of alkenes was found to be the major secondary formation pathway of atmospheric peroxides, while contributions from alkanes and aromatics were of minor importance. The comparison of modeled and measured peroxide concentrations revealed an underestimation during biomass burning events and an overestimation on haze days, which were ascribed to the direct production of peroxides from biomass burning and the heterogeneous uptake of peroxides by aerosols, respectively. The strengths of the primary emissions from biomass burning were on the same order of the known secondary production rates of atmospheric peroxides during the biomass burning events. The heterogeneous process on aerosol particles was suggested to be the predominant sink for atmospheric peroxides. The atmospheric lifetime of peroxides on haze days in summer in the NCP was about 2-3 h, which is in good agreement with the laboratory studies. Further comprehensive investigations are necessary to better understand the impact of biomass burning and heterogeneous uptake on the concentration of peroxides in the atmosphere.

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“…The secondary aerosol formation potential of the air is essential for understanding the origins of the secondary aerosols and predicting their impacts on haze pollution. High growth rates of secondary species and high number concentrations of particles were frequently observed during heavy haze pollution in Beijing Jiang et al, 2015;Liu et al, 2013;Sun et al, 2014;Wang et al, 2014c;Zheng et al, 2015), indicating a high secondary aerosol formation potential of the air. Most of the related studies on the aerosol pollution in Beijing have focused on the chemical composition or the seasonal variations and sources of PM 2.5 (Guo et al, 2014;He et al, 2001;Wang et al, 2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

Chu

et al. 2016

Journal of Environmental Sciences

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In order to evaluate the secondary aerosol formation potential at a suburban site of Beijing, in situ perturbation experiments in a potential aerosol mass (PAM) reactor were carried out in the winter of 2014. The variations of secondary aerosol formation as a function of time, OH exposure, and the concentrations of gas phase pollutants and particles were reported in this study. Two periods with distinct secondary aerosol formation potentials, marked as Period I and Period II, were identified during the observation. In Period I, the secondary aerosol formation potential was high, and correlated well to the air pollutants, i.e., SO 2 , NO 2 , and CO. The maximal secondary aerosol formation was observed with an aging time equivalent to about 3 days of atmospheric oxidation. In period II, the secondary aerosol formation potential was low, with no obvious correlation with the air pollutants. Meanwhile, the aerosol mass decreased, instead of showing a peak, with increasing aging time.Backward trajectory analysis during the two periods confirmed that the air mass in Period I was mainly from local sources, while it was attributed mostly to long distance transport in Period II. The air lost its reactivity during the long transport and the particles became highly aged, resulting in a low secondary aerosol formation potential. Our experimental results indicated that the in situ measurement of the secondary aerosol formation potential could provide important information for evaluating the contributions of local emission and long distance transport to the aerosol pollution.

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Exploring the severe winter haze in Beijing: the impact of synoptic weather, regional transport and heterogeneous reactions

Cited by 826 publications

References 66 publications

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Air pollutant emissions from Chinese households: A major and underappreciated ambient pollution source

Observation of atmospheric peroxides during Wangdu Campaign 2014 at a rural site in the North China Plain

Distinct potential aerosol masses under different scenarios of transport at a suburban site of Beijing

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