Exploring the seismic expression of fault zones in 3D seismic volumes

Abstract

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Seismic damage zone and width–throw scaling along the strike-slip faults in the Ordovician carbonates in the Tarim Basin

“…In addition, the abrupt and gradual changes in the boundary between fault envelope and the host rocks can be highlighted by seismic attributes (Fig. 3; e.g., Iacopini et al 2016;Botter et al 2016;Wan et al 2016).…”

“…These differences could be related to a variety of factors that can influence the width of damage zones such as, the nature of the protolith, depth of faulting, effect of diagenesis and deformation mechanisms (e.g., Faulkner et al 2011;Laubach et al 2014;Choi et al 2016). Recent advances in acquisition and processing of seismic reflection data and the availability of extensive, high quality 3D seismic surveys have allowed the study of the geometry of large faults in the subsurface, which is usually not possible from the investigation of outcrops only (e.g., Liu et al 2011;Hale 2013;Wu et al 2016;Iacopini et al 2016;Botter et al 2016;Torabi et al 2017). Nonetheless, research on fault damage zones in Edited by Jie Hao * Guang-Hui Wu wugh@swpu.edu.cn 1 carbonate rocks based on seismic reflection data is scarce (Iacopini et al 2016;Wu et al 2019).…”

“…Recent advances in acquisition and processing of seismic reflection data and the availability of extensive, high quality 3D seismic surveys have allowed the study of the geometry of large faults in the subsurface, which is usually not possible from the investigation of outcrops only (e.g., Liu et al 2011;Hale 2013;Wu et al 2016;Iacopini et al 2016;Botter et al 2016;Torabi et al 2017). Nonetheless, research on fault damage zones in Edited by Jie Hao * Guang-Hui Wu wugh@swpu.edu.cn 1 carbonate rocks based on seismic reflection data is scarce (Iacopini et al 2016;Wu et al 2019). In recent years, significant hydrocarbon exploration effort in China has been focused toward carbonate reservoirs, particularly those found in the Tarim Basin (e.g., Du 2010).…”

How do horizontal, frictional discontinuities affect reverse fault-propagation folding?

“…In seismic reflection data, for example, it is sometimes difficult to visualize or infer the fault traces and their tip points because seismic noise or disturbances (seismic disturbance zone) make any interpretation less objective in the vicinity of the faults (e.g. Kostenko et al, 2008;Hale, 2013;Iacopini et al, 2016). In these cases, along with the other factors controlling fault propagation (e.g.…”

A parametric fault displacement model to introduce kinematic control into modeling faults from sparse data

“…However, the distributed damage associated with faulting perturbs the seismic imaging of faults (Sibson, 1977;Botter et al, 2014;Iacopini et al, 2016;Weinzierl et al, 2016;Botter et al, 2017) and the nearfault geometry is generally poorly constrained. This leads to uncertainties in oil and gas flow simulations and volume assessments (Hollund et al, 2002;Thore et al, 2002;Rivenaes et al, 2005;Richards et al, 2015).…”