Exploring the rumen microbial community in Guizhou White goats at different ages
Wenzhang Zhou,
Xian Wu,
Chaozhi Su
et al.
Abstract:This study evaluated the changes in rumen microbiome during the process of age development of farming Guizhou White goats from Southwest China. We conducted high-throughput 16S rRNA gene sequencing to investigate the diversity, structure, and composition of goat rumen microbiota (RM) of 21 goats of different age groups (1, 6, and 12 months). We found that volatile fatty acids (i.e., acetate, propionate, and butyrate) fermented by microbes were found to increase significantly in the sixand one-month-old goats. … Show more
“…The results observed in the present study for reticulum-rumen omasum, small intestine, and total intestine confirm that the mass proportional to the fetus or the absolute mass of these compartments is more significantly affected by a nutritional insult over early and mid-gestation. During the pre-weaning stages, the rumen is not active in digesting fibers and, therefore, the utilization of the chemical components produced in the fermentation process will be assimilated as the animal ages (Zhou et al, 2022). Considering that maternal feed restriction during the first half of gestation tended to impair the growth of reticulum-rumen omasum as a function of body weight, it is likely that the resulting offspring may be less efficient in terms of nutrient digestion and absorption.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Considering that maternal feed restriction during the first half of gestation tended to impair the growth of reticulum-rumen omasum as a function of body weight, it is likely that the resulting offspring may be less efficient in terms of nutrient digestion and absorption. However, whether the digestible capacity could be altered in these offspring, through strategical starter diets (Hong and Wu et al, 2021) and changing the population of ruminal microorganisms (Zhou et al, 2022), remains to be exploited.…”
This study evaluated how nutritional insults applied at different stages of intrauterine development affect the growth and development of total tract organs and the mRNA expression of genes that encode growth factors, tight junction proteins, digestive enzymes, and glucose transporters in the small intestine of newborn goats. Fourteen nulliparous dairy goats were assigned to one of two nutritional plans over gestation: maintenance-restriction (M-R, n = 8) -100% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 50% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition; or restriction-maintenance (R-M, n = 6) -50% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 100% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition. Fisher's least significant difference test was performed using SAS 9.4, considering a full fixed-effect model. When expressed per kg of body weight, the weights of the small intestine and total intestine were 18.7 and 18.1% lower, respectively, for R-M offspring. The lengths of the small intestine and the total intestine of the R-M newborns were 19.1 and 9.5% shorter, respectively. This group also had a lower villus height:intestinal crypt depth ratio. The R-M offspring tended to have lower Solute carrier family 5 member 1 (SLC5A1), Solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), and Occludin (OCLN) mRNA expressions. Therefore, feed restriction in the first half of gestation is detrimental to the second half of gestation, reducing the offspring's intestinal absorptive area but enhancing their intestinal permeability.
“…The results observed in the present study for reticulum-rumen omasum, small intestine, and total intestine confirm that the mass proportional to the fetus or the absolute mass of these compartments is more significantly affected by a nutritional insult over early and mid-gestation. During the pre-weaning stages, the rumen is not active in digesting fibers and, therefore, the utilization of the chemical components produced in the fermentation process will be assimilated as the animal ages (Zhou et al, 2022). Considering that maternal feed restriction during the first half of gestation tended to impair the growth of reticulum-rumen omasum as a function of body weight, it is likely that the resulting offspring may be less efficient in terms of nutrient digestion and absorption.…”
mentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Considering that maternal feed restriction during the first half of gestation tended to impair the growth of reticulum-rumen omasum as a function of body weight, it is likely that the resulting offspring may be less efficient in terms of nutrient digestion and absorption. However, whether the digestible capacity could be altered in these offspring, through strategical starter diets (Hong and Wu et al, 2021) and changing the population of ruminal microorganisms (Zhou et al, 2022), remains to be exploited.…”
This study evaluated how nutritional insults applied at different stages of intrauterine development affect the growth and development of total tract organs and the mRNA expression of genes that encode growth factors, tight junction proteins, digestive enzymes, and glucose transporters in the small intestine of newborn goats. Fourteen nulliparous dairy goats were assigned to one of two nutritional plans over gestation: maintenance-restriction (M-R, n = 8) -100% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 50% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition; or restriction-maintenance (R-M, n = 6) -50% of maintenance requirement from d 8-84 of gestation followed by feeding at 100% maintenance requirement from d 85 of gestation to parturition. Fisher's least significant difference test was performed using SAS 9.4, considering a full fixed-effect model. When expressed per kg of body weight, the weights of the small intestine and total intestine were 18.7 and 18.1% lower, respectively, for R-M offspring. The lengths of the small intestine and the total intestine of the R-M newborns were 19.1 and 9.5% shorter, respectively. This group also had a lower villus height:intestinal crypt depth ratio. The R-M offspring tended to have lower Solute carrier family 5 member 1 (SLC5A1), Solute carrier family 2 member 2 (SLC2A2), and Occludin (OCLN) mRNA expressions. Therefore, feed restriction in the first half of gestation is detrimental to the second half of gestation, reducing the offspring's intestinal absorptive area but enhancing their intestinal permeability.
IntroductionGut microbiota are associated with the health and performance of ruminant species, and they are affected by altitude, host genetics, and sex. However, there has been little research on comparing the fecal microbiota of indigenous small ruminants such as sheep and goats in Guizhou province, China. In the present study, we revealed the effect of altitude, genetics, and sex on fecal microbiota profiles and enterotypes in indigenous small ruminants of Guizhou province, China.MethodsFecal samples were collected from Hei and Qianbei Ma goats and Weining sheep in the Chinese province of Guizhou. 16S rRNA gene sequencing targeting the V3–V4 region was performed using the Illumina MiSeq platform. Sequences were processed using QIIME2, and the qualified sequences were processed using the plugin DADA2 to generate amplicon sequence variants (ASVs). The statistical analysis was performed using R studio.ResultsThe fecal microbial profile was found to vary by herd (influenced by genetics/altitude) and sex. All samples were categorized into two enterotypes. The first enterotype is dominated by UCG-005, and the second enterotype is dominated by the Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, which may be highly driven by the host's genetics (breed). The predicted functional profiles of the fecal microbiota were also assigned to two clusters that corresponded exactly to the enterotypes. Cluster 1 of the functional profiling was characterized by biosynthesis pathways, and cluster 2 was characterized by energy metabolism pathways.DiscussionOur findings may provide new insights into the fecal microbial community and enterotypes in small ruminants by herds, offering clues for understanding the mechanisms by which the fecal microbiota contribute to divergent host phenotypes in indigenous small ruminants in Guizhou.
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