Exploring the Role of Serotonin as an Immune Modulatory Component in Cardiovascular Diseases

Abstract

Serotonin, also known as 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) is a well-known neurotransmitter in the central nervous system (CNS), but also plays a significant role in peripheral tissues. There is a growing body of evidence suggesting that serotonin influences immune cell responses and contributes to the development of pathological injury in cardiovascular diseases, such as atherosclerosis, as well as other diseases which occur as a result of immune hyperactivity. In particular, high levels of serotonin are able to activate a multitude of 5-HT receptors found on the surface of immune cells, thereby influencing the process of atherosclerotic plaque formation in arteries. In this review, we will discuss the differences between serotonin production in the CNS and the periphery, and will give a brief outline of the function of serotonin in the periphery. In this context, we will particularly focus on the effects of serotonin on immune cells related to atherosclerosis and identify caveats that are important for future research.

Evaluation of the plasma oxylipin and endocannabinoid profile and the platelet and plasma proteome in postpartum dairy cows experiencing elevated systemic inflammation

“…Furthermore, our data indicates differences in the plasma endocannabinoid profile of postpartum dairy cows suffering from systemic inflammation. Of note, cows that were classified into the high-inflammation group had greater circulating concentrations of ALAderived oxylipins, starting with 9(S)-HpOTrE, which is oxidized to 9(S)-HOTrE and 9-OxoOTrE upon further oxidation 34 . These oxylipins are derived from 5-lipoxygenase (5-LOX) activity on -linolenic acid.…”

Serotonin Receptors in Myocardial Infarction: Friend or Foe?

“…This transition in the tissue between both phases is regarded to be critical for the overall outcome after AMI. Monocytes and macrophages were reported to express 5-HT1AR, 5-HT1ER, 5-HT2AR, 5-HT2BR, 5-HT2CR, 5-HT3R, 5-HT4R, and 5-HT7R. ,, Depending on their environment, macrophages can be polarized toward pro- and anti-inflammatory phenotypes, and the differentiation stage determines their expression profile of 5-HTRs. Macrophages with an anti-inflammatory phenotype preferentially express 5-HT2BR and 5-HT7R.…”

Depressão, Doença Cardiovascular e Sexo Feminino: Uma Tríade Subestimada

“…Admite-se que a serotonina deflagra processos inflamatórios em condições fisiológicas normais e intensifica o estado pró-inflamatório em condições patológicas que envolvem inflamação, como a aterosclerose. 20 Por último, é importante reforçar que a busca de convicções psicológicas positivas, tais como otimismo, senso de propósito, afetos positivos, sentimentos de gratidão e resiliência, e não apenas o controle dos fatores negativos, determinam a redução dos eventos agudos e o melhor controle dos fatores de riscos da DCV em mulheres que sofrem de depressão (Tabela 1). 21,22…”

“…Admite-se que a serotonina deflagra processos inflamatórios em condições fisiológicas normais e intensifica o estado pró-inflamatório em condições patológicas que envolvem inflamação, como a aterosclerose. 20 …”

“…It is assumed that serotonin triggers inflammatory processes under normal physiological conditions and intensifies the pro-inflammatory state in pathological conditions involving inflammation, such as atherosclerosis. 20 …”