Exploring the Role of Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma in Tripartite Interaction with Plant and Pathogens

Keswani, Chetan; Bisen, Kartikay; Chitara, Manoj Kumar; Sarma, B. K.; Singh, Harikesh Bahadur

doi:10.1007/978-3-319-49724-2_4

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 86 publications

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“…Plants have capability to produce many phenolic substances that are known to be antimicrobial (Abo-Elyousr et al, 2009) and play a pivotal role as a precursor to the synthesis and accumulation of lignin, that's provides strong barrier against pathogens. The phenolic substances regulate the signal molecules that are directly associated with defense related genes (Dakora, 1996;Keswani et al, 2017). In this work we report that activity of total phenolic content in potato plants was signi cantly increased by the treatment of the T. viride and T. harzianum consortium.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Elevation of Systemic Defense in Potato Against Alternaria Solani by a Consortium of Compatible Trichoderma Spp.

Chandra¹,

Behera²,

Keswani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The crop loss due to phytopathogens is a serious problem affecting the entire world. To avoid economic losses due to phytopathogens synthetic chemicals have been used for years generating serious concerns about the human health and environment. Today the use of beneficial microorganisms to treat phytopathogens is gaining attention. In this way, Trichoderma spp. has been used for combating plant diseases and inducing defense response in plants. With this idea in mind, in this study we evaluate the effectiveness of Trichoderma viride and T. harzianum as single as well as in combination for elevating the defense response and growth promotion activities in potato challenged with Alternaria solani. The mycelial inhibition of A. solani by T. viride and T. harzianum was recorded and compared with control. Scanning electron microscope (SEM) observation revealed the collapsed hyphae and sunken conidia of A. solani due to antagonistic activity of T. viride and T. harzianum. Induction of defense enzymes including TPC, PAL, SOD and total protein content was increased in Trichoderma spp, treated plants as compared with pathogen inoculated plants. HPLC analysis demonstrated higher production in phenolic compounds during combined application of Trichoderma spp. treated potato plants in the response of A. solani infection. Moreover, treatment with Trichoderma spp. consortium showed significant growth promotion in potato plants comparing with the control.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 62%

Elevation of Systemic Defense in Potato Against Alternaria Solani by a Consortium of Compatible Trichoderma Spp.

Chandra¹,

Behera²,

Keswani³

et al. 2021

Preprint

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“…Despite a large number of studies having been conducted on the investigation of the biological activities of secondary metabolites from Trichoderma, primarily focused on the prevention and control of phytopathogens, there are few relevant studies on promoting plant growth, inducing plant resistance, or weed control, which are highly important for plant protection and the application of metabolites. Further research is necessary to clarify how SMs act as effector molecules and their role in Trichoderma’s complex interactions with plants and pathogens. , Increasing research on SMs of Trichoderma, especially in the development of biological control agents and plant growth regulators that can enhance crop yield, product quality, and pest management in agriculture, is of great significance to reduce the use of harmful chemical synthetic drugs and ensure food safety. Recently, several new techniques have provided prospects for exploring the potential of new secondary metabolites, such as the cultivation-based OSMAC strategies that activate silencing gene clusters, which have extensive application in the discovery of novel Trichoderma molecules. , Consequently, new approaches are still required to discover the new Trichoderma metabolites, such as activation of quiet gene clusters, precursor-directed biosynthesis, diversity-enhanced extracts by chemical engineering, or enzymatic or biotransformation techniques to provide more chemical molecules for biological activity research and pharmaceutical discovery.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Further research is necessary to clarify how SMs act as effector molecules and their role in Trichoderma's complex interactions with plants and pathogens. 136,137 Increasing research on SMs of Trichoderma, especially in the development of biological control agents and plant growth regulators that can enhance crop yield, product quality, and pest management in agriculture, is of great significance to reduce the use of harmful chemical synthetic drugs and ensure food safety. Recently, several new techniques have provided prospects for exploring the potential of new secondary metabolites, such as the cultivation-based OSMAC strategies that activate silencing gene clusters, which have extensive application in the discovery of novel Trichoderma molecules.…”

Section: ■ Conclusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Trichoderma genus (Covering 2018–2022)

Guo,

Shi,

Wang

et al. 2023

J. Agric. Food Chem.

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Trichoderma, a genus with more than 400 species, has a long history of use as an industrial bioreactor, biofertilizer, and biocontrol agent. It is considered a significant source of secondary metabolites (SMs) that possess unique structural features and a wide range of bioactivities. In recent years, numerous secondary metabolites of Trichoderma, including terpenoids, polyketides, peptides, alkaloids, and steroids, have been identified. Most of these SMs displayed antimicrobial, cytotoxic, and antifungal effects. This review focuses on the structural diversity, biological activities, and structure–activity relationships (SARs) of the SMs isolated from Trichoderma covered from 2018 to 2022. This study provides insights into the exploration and utilization of bioactive compounds from Trichoderma species in the agriculture or pharmaceutical industry.

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“…Trichoderma species are harzianolide [86][87][88], harzianic acid [89], and 6-pentyl-2Hpyran-2-one [90,91]. BGCs in Trichoderma species may also produce siderophores that sequester iron [50,92] or metabolites that inhibit antagonistic microbes [93][94][95], or in the case of harzianic acid, both iron sequestration and antifungal ability [96]. Although the majority of Trichoderma secondary metabolite products have not been linked to their respective BGCs [68], a greater diversity of BGCs is expected to facilitate a wider variety of interactions between a fungus and its surrounding environment, potential hosts, and other microorganisms.…”

Section: Trichoderma Species With a Recorded Endophytic Lifestyle Hav...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Endophyte genomes support greater metabolic gene cluster diversity compared with non-endophytes inTrichoderma

Scott

Konkel

Gluck‐Thaler

et al. 2023

Preprint

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Trichodermais a cosmopolitan genus with diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes, including mycotrophy, saprophytism, and endophytism. Previous research has reported greater metabolic gene repertoires in endophytic fungal species compared to closely-related non-endophytes. However, the extent of this ecological trend and its underlying mechanisms are unclear. Some endophytic fungi may also be mycotrophs and have one or more mycoparasitism mechanisms. Mycotrophic endophytes are prominent in certain genera likeTrichoderma, therefore, the mechanisms that enable these fungi to colonize both living plants and fungi may be the result of expanded metabolic gene repertoires. Our objective was to determine what, if any, genomic features are overrepresented in endophytic fungi genomes in order to undercover the genomic underpinning of the fungal endophytic lifestyle. Here we compared metabolic gene cluster and mycoparasitism gene diversity across a dataset of thirty-eightTrichodermagenomes representing the full breadth of environmentalTrichoderma's diverse lifestyles and nutritional modes. We generated four newTrichoderma endophyticumgenomes to improve the sampling of endophytic isolates from this genus. As predicted, endophyticTrichodermagenomes contained, on average, more total biosynthetic and degradative gene clusters than non-endophytic isolates, suggesting that the ability to create/modify a diversity of metabolites potential is beneficial or necessary to the endophytic fungi. Still, once the phylogenetic signal was taken in consideration, no particular class of metabolic gene cluster was independently associated with theTrichodermaendophytic lifestyle. Several mycoparasitism genes, but no chitinase genes, were associated with endophyticTrichodermagenomes. Most genomic differences betweenTrichodermalifestyles and nutritional modes are difficult to disentangle from phylogenetic divergences among species, suggesting thatTrichodermagenomes maybe particularly well-equipped for lifestyle plasticity. We also consider the role of endophytism in diversifying secondary metabolism after identifying the horizontal transfer of the ergot alkaloid gene cluster toTrichoderma.

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Exploring the Role of Secondary Metabolites of Trichoderma in Tripartite Interaction with Plant and Pathogens

Cited by 19 publications

References 86 publications

Elevation of Systemic Defense in Potato Against Alternaria Solani by a Consortium of Compatible Trichoderma Spp.

Elevation of Systemic Defense in Potato Against Alternaria Solani by a Consortium of Compatible Trichoderma Spp.

Structures and Biological Activities of Secondary Metabolites from the Trichoderma genus (Covering 2018–2022)

Endophyte genomes support greater metabolic gene cluster diversity compared with non-endophytes inTrichoderma

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