Exploring the Relationships of Atmospheric Water Vapor Contents and Different Land Surfaces in a Complex Terrain Area by Using Doppler Radar

Abstract

Changes in atmospheric water vapor mainly occur in the atmospheric boundary layer. However, due to many factors, such as orography and ground thermal dynamic conditions, the change trends and transformation law of atmospheric water vapor contents above different surfaces are still unclear. In this work, a Doppler weather radar with high spatial-temporal resolution was used to monitor the variations and transformations of water vapor contents over different land surfaces for two years. The results show that the atmospheric water vapor content shows a very good positive correlation with elevation at altitudes between 600 m and 1200 m, while different land surfaces have delicate impacts on atmospheric water vapor contents, such as extreme values appearing above impervious urban surfaces, uniform distributions appearing over water body and vegetated surfaces being wet but avoiding extreme conditions. Compared with previous studies, the results and conclusions of this study are mainly derived from accurate direct observations based on high-resolution radar. Identifying the distribution and transformation of water vapor over different surfaces can enhance our understanding of the movement and variation of atmospheric water vapor over complex terrain and different land surfaces, and improve the planning and construction capacity of different surfaces, such that humankind can mitigate the severe disasters caused by drastic changes in atmospheric water vapor.

Amazon Wildfires and Respiratory Health: Impacts during the Forest Fire Season from 2009 to 2019

“…The foundational assumption in Equation (2) posited that variations in air quality have the potential to influence the distribution of allergens, consequently impacting the occurrence of respiratory diseases [ 6 , 38 , 39 ]. Substantial quantities of particulate matter, including PM 2.5 and other pollutants, are emitted into the atmosphere during forest fires [ 14 , 17 , 25 ].…”

“…The underlying assumption in Equation ( 1) was that the temporal impact of variations in meteorological conditions influences human activities. Specifically, the burning season usually takes place from August to December in the Legal Amazon [ coincides with the dry and high-temperature periods when farmers commonly use means for land clearance, leading to an increased frequency of forest fires (Figure 2 The foundational assumption in Equation ( 2) posited that variations in air qual the potential to influence the distribution of allergens, consequently impacting th rence of respiratory diseases [6,38,39]. Substantial quantities of particulate matter, in PM2.5 and other pollutants, are emitted into the atmosphere during forest fires [1 These particles can deeply infiltrate the lungs, resulting in respiratory issues and ex ing pre-existing conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or (Figure 2B) [14].…”

“…Substantial quantities of particulate matter, in PM2.5 and other pollutants, are emitted into the atmosphere during forest fires [1 These particles can deeply infiltrate the lungs, resulting in respiratory issues and ex ing pre-existing conditions like asthma, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, or (Figure 2B) [14]. The foundational assumption in Equation (2) posited that variations in air quality have the potential to influence the distribution of allergens, consequently impacting the occurrence of respiratory diseases [6,38,39]. Substantial quantities of particulate matter, including PM 2.5 and other pollutants, are emitted into the atmosphere during forest fires [14,17,25].…”