Exploring the relationship between the urbanization, higher education and female labor force with sustainable development

Abstract

PurposeThe article aims to identify the determinants of the urbanization process given the magnitude of this phenomenon and also its economic, social and environmental implications and pressure on public authorities to find viable solutions in the context of sustainable development.Design/methodology/approachThe research is based on regression analysis with urbanization growth being the dependent variable and enrollment in higher education, GDP, value added by industry and female labor force as independent variables.FindingsThe main factors that favor urbanization are the increase in population, industry value-added and the female labor force. Urbanization is an objective that must be pursued differently by public authorities in developed and developing countries, given the different realities they face-population growth in developing countries, and population aging and international migration in developed countries.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research has limitations generated by the selection of independent variables, which is why in future directions, the research will consider the use of other indicators such as the number of graduates, exports as percent of GDP or migrations as a percentage of the total population. Given the complexity of the phenomenon of urbanization, future research will focus on groups of countries as they resulted from the clustering made by this article.Practical implicationsThe impact of higher education on urbanization is low, which is why the intensification of partnerships between municipal authorities and universities could be a solution that ensures not only the transfer of knowledge from academia to the public sector but also from entrepreneurs increasingly aware of the importance of promoting SDGs for urban development in the context of the challenges posed by global warming. The involvement of women in the labor market is essential for the intensification of the urbanization process. The increasing presence of women in the labor market generates an increase in the income of families, an increase in the level of education and an intensification of national and international migration. The research findings can be used by policy and decision-makers to develop appropriate urbanization and education policies and strategies.Originality/valueThe existence of inhomogeneous clusters is noticeable, which demonstrates the complexity of the urbanization phenomenon that is present in all countries around the world, but under the influence of different factors such as the export of natural resources (mainly oil) or the intensification of industrial activity. Taking into account the variables used, this study stands out in the multitude of articles published in the international mainstream.

On to greener pastures: identifying the reasons why people move to urban areas

“…It is difficult to determine which comes first and which comes after. The work by Apostu et al . (2023) sought to identify the determinants of urbanization and the implications that it can have within the sustainable development context.…”

Gender, Sustainability, and Urbanism: A Systematic Review of Literature and Cross-Cluster Analysis

“…Therefore, corporations with gender diversity prioritize social, environmental, and economic responsibility in their operations, and minimize negative impacts on the environment and society while maximizing positive contributions [15,31,32]. In addition, another factor that can contribute to urban development and its sustainability is to increase the female workforce and women's entrepreneurship [9,33]. In this sense, women's empowerment and women's inclusion in decision-making processes are crucial for the sustainability of urbanism.…”

“…This involves ensuring that public spaces are well-lit and secure, public transportation is safe, and housing designs address the unique needs and safety of women and other marginalized gender groups. Furthermore, urban design should encourage women's participation in decision-making processes related to city planning and governance, fostering diverse perspectives that lead to more equitable outcomes [7][8][9]. By integrating gender equality considerations alongside those of various age groups, abilities, and socioeconomic backgrounds, urban design can reflect the diversity of urban populations and promote more just and livable cities for everyone.…”

Green Innovation for Carbon Footprint Reduction in Construction Industry

“…Population growth, urbanization, industrialization, and the intensification of transport have generated negative externalities on the environment. The need for sustainable development is demonstrated by the dramatic climate change and international initiatives regarding the transition to a green economy, the promotion of corporate social responsibility, and the principles of the circular economy [1][2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10]. The complexity of the sustainable development phenomenon requires technical and economically viable solutions that ensure a reduced consumption of resources and zero carbon emissions [11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19].…”