Exploring the relationship between national governance indicators and speed of initial government response to COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Thirunavukarasu, Ahimza; Fryatt, Robert; Habich, Midori de; Johns, Benjamin

doi:10.1016/j.puhip.2022.100309

Cited by 8 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 34 publications

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“…These disparities also suggest that the government's COVID-19 prevention and control strategy was likely to be received and transformed into action differently by subgroup in Japan, although the Japanese government's policy has been recognised as relatively strict against COVID-19 and other infectious diseases as well as other East-Asian countries including China and Korea, after lessons from previous pandemics. [56][57][58][59][60][61][62][63][64] First, this study has shown partially consistent results with the existing evidence in terms of generational differences in COVID-19 prevention, highlighting the higher subjective risk perceptions but relatively limited precautionary actions among the young generation. This result is not consistent with previous studies that showed relatively lower perceived risk of COVID-19 infection among younger generations.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18–59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Shimamoto,

Ibuka

2024

bmjph

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IntroductionRisk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 have been reported to be generally insufficient globally, and differences by subpopulation group have been concerning, as a key driver to widening health gaps. Although a body of literature examined these key constructs, critical comparative examinations of various risk perceptions and precautionary actions by socioeconomic group are still limited in Japan and Asia.MethodsThis study examines subjective and objective risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 infection among the general working age population aged 18–59 in Japan, focusing on the differences by socioeconomic group and health status. A cross-sectional survey was conducted in March 2021, using an online self-reporting questionnaire, in selected prefectures in Japan where COVID-19 infection cases ranked the highest. Participants were randomly recruited, and quota sampling methods were employed with the weighting of the sample distribution by geographic location (n=2764).ResultsSubjective and objective risk perceptions and precautionary actions were significantly related to several of the socioeconomic variables, including gender, income, employment and household composition, as well as self-reported health status. These disparities were substantial even with the key basic preventive behaviour including mask wearing, avoidance of large gatherings and hand washing. Further, these risk perceptions and precautionary actions showed unexpected relationships with socioeconomic position and health status, contrary to existing evidence or theory, particularly among younger generations and worse health populations.ConclusionsThis evidence suggests that risk perceptions and precautionary actions do not always seem to align, and their disparities by socioeconomic group and health status have been underscored in Japan, which may suggest complex and distinct pathways by subpopulation group. Further evidence and strategies for COVID-19 and other infectious disease prevention would be critical in transitions of the infectious disease prevention and control strategy, targeting both the high-risk population group and higher risk-taking group.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 84%

Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18–59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Shimamoto,

Ibuka

2024

bmjph

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“…Instead, due to lack of data, interest and misinformation, a rather low vaccination rate can be reached. Therefore, education should prevail and, in addition, measures should be taken to strengthen trust in the institutions and organizations that develop and manage the implementation of healthcare strategies [ 79 ]. Besides the people included in a form of education, beneficiaries of medical information could also be the elderly, who may not have access to the novelties in the field, remarkably in the nations where digitalization is not fully integrated.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Does education influence COVID-19 vaccination? A global view

Lupu,

Tiganasu

2024

Heliyon

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“…This may suggest that “Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism” function differently from other governance dimensions. However, it is not clear how this dimension affects decision-making in times of crisis [ 52 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

da Silva,

Novaes,

de Oliveira

et al. 2023

Global Health

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Background National governance may have influenced the response of institutions to the Covid-19 pandemic, being a key factor in preparing for the next pandemics. The objective was to analyze the association between excess mortality due to COVID-19 (daily and cumulative per 100 thousand people) and national governance indicators in 213 countries. Method Multiple linear regression models using secondary data from large international datasets that are in the public domain were performed. Governance indicators corresponded to six dimensions: (i) Voice and Accountability; (ii) Political Stability and Absence of Violence/Terrorism; (iii) Government Effectiveness; (iv) Regulatory Quality; (v) Rule of Law and (vi) Control of Corruption. The statistical analysis consisted of adjusting a multiple linear regression model. Excess mortality due to COVID-19 was adjusted for potential confounding factors (demographic, environmental, health, economic, and ethnic variables). Results The indicators Control of Corruption, Government Effectiveness, Regulatory Quality and Rule of Law had a significant inverse association (p < 0.0001) with the estimated excess mortality in 2020, 2021 and 2022. Furthermore, the governance indicators had a direct significant association (p < 0.0001) with the vaccination variables (People_fully_vaccinated; Delivered population; The total number of vaccination doses administered per 100 people at the country level), except for the variables Vaccination policies and Administration of first dose, which were inversely associated. In countries with better governance, COVID-19 vaccination was initiated earlier. Conclusion Better national governance indicators were associated with lower excess mortality due to COVID-19 and faster administration of the first dose of the COVID-19 vaccine.

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Exploring the relationship between national governance indicators and speed of initial government response to COVID-19 in low- and middle-income countries

Cited by 8 publications

References 34 publications

Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18–59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Socioeconomic disparities in risk perceptions and precautionary actions against COVID-19 among the working age population aged 18–59 in Japan: a cross-sectional study

Does education influence COVID-19 vaccination? A global view

National governance and excess mortality due to COVID-19 in 213 countries: a retrospective analysis and perspectives on future pandemics

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