Exploring the relationship between examination pass rates and eligibility pathways among pharmacist candidates for initial board certification

Johnson, Samuel G.; Muckle, Timothy J.; Kassam, Siddiq; Someshwar, Shonai; Ellis, William M.

doi:10.1016/j.japh.2019.06.013

Cited by 5 publications

(10 citation statements)

References 4 publications

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“…In addition to preparing pharmacists for clinical practice, residency training is also in place to make pharmacists “eligible for board certification.” 25 Being that the goal for pharmacy practice is to have pharmacists involved in direct‐patient care activities board certified, it seems reasonable to begin discussions about implementing an objective and formative tool to measure and track resident progress through a residency program. Currently 88% of those who take the pharmacotherapy examination through BPS successfully pass after completing a PGY1, though this number may not be an accurate representation of the preparedness of all PGY1s exiting a residency because it is not a requirement upon completion of a PGY1 program; those who feel ill‐prepared, do not have a desire or means to take the examination, or those who enter specialty training are not included in the denominator 5 …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…At a minimum, the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) and the American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) advocate that in order for a pharmacist to be involved in direct patient care and comprehensive medication management services, certification beyond the entry‐level Doctor of Pharmacy degree will be required within the next 10 years 1‐4 . The vision for clinical pharmacy practice into 2030 includes that, “minimum credentials for new practitioners will expand to include board certification, specialized certificates or certifications, and postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) and/or postgraduate year 2 (PGY2) residency training along with licensure.” 1 To expedite the pathway to and increase the likelihood of success in board certification testing, pharmacy residencies will play a key role in graduate pharmacy education 5,6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…1 To expedite the pathway to and increase the likelihood of success in board certification testing, pharmacy residencies will play a key role in graduate pharmacy education. 5,6 As the purpose of a pharmacy residency is to prepare a pharmacist for advance clinical practice and board certification, a reliable assessment tool will be needed to assess a pharmacy resident's progress toward this goal. 7 In physician residency and specialty training programs, in-training examinations exist to provide feedback about the progress of an individual resident's knowledge as well as programmatic success and limitations.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Pharmacy residency directors' concerns with implementing in‐training examinations in pharmacy residencies

Longyhore

2020

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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IntroductionThe use of in‐training examinations as formative assessment in graduate medical education is commonplace and performance has varying degrees of positive correlation with physician performance on future board certification examinations. Such a formative tool does not exist in graduate pharmacy education and may be a useful tool to consider developing and implementing into pharmacy residency programming.ObjectivesTo evaluate the concerns of residency program directors (RPDs) should they be faced with implementing an in‐training examination into their postgraduate year 1 (PGY1) pharmacy residency program.MethodsThe concerns‐based adoption model framework was used to conduct a mixed‐methods evaluation of RPDs' concerns about in‐training examinations in pharmacy residency training. RPDs from the eastern United States were invited to participate in a 35‐item survey, followed by a scripted interview to learn about their concerns with the idea of examination integration.ResultsTwenty‐four program directors completed the stages of concern (SOC) quantitative survey and seven continued on to complete the levels of use qualitative interview. Survey data identified that program directors were in the informational stage, requiring more information and understanding before implementing such an assessment tool. The qualification of their survey responses contained themes of equality and equity between participating programs, the difference between summative and formative assessment, and curriculum changes that would accompany such a programmatic change. All participants were in the early SOC and had not actively sought information about this practice before being part of this research.ConclusionSignificant efforts will be required to inform RPDs about in‐training examinations and formative assessment practices leading up to the implementation of such a practice in graduate pharmacy education.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

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Pharmacy residency directors' concerns with implementing in‐training examinations in pharmacy residencies

Longyhore

2020

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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“…24 Specialty examination passing rates are considerably lower for pharmacists qualifying via the practice experience pathway than for pharmacists with residency training, potentially limiting the number of preceptors needed to support residency expansion (see Figure 2). 34 …”

Section: Past and Current Landscape For Pharmacy Residency Trainingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Charting a new path forward for pharmacy residency expansion

McFarland

Stover

Bhat

et al. 2023

J Am Coll Clin Pharm

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A core component of the vision of the American College of Clinical Pharmacy (ACCP) for the profession is that most pharmacists will provide direct patient care. Residency training programs are considered a prerequisite to meet the standards and competencies required for pharmacists providing direct patient care. Barriers to residency training expansion are numerous and include, but are not limited to, lack of funding, challenges in meeting accreditation standards for residency programs, limited practice sites, and lack of qualified preceptors. The demand for postgraduate year one (PGY1) and postgraduate year two (PGY2) pharmacy residency training has exceeded position availability over the past 10 years. The American Society of Health‐System Pharmacists (ASHP) Foundation Pharmacy Forecast 2021 predicts pharmacy expansion within ambulatory care, population health, specialty pharmacy, and home care. To promote pharmacy residency expansion and maintenance of pharmacy residency quality, this commentary makes four recommendations with specific actions for consideration: develop preceptors and promote board certification, promote and foster innovation in residency training, expand residency training to address health equity with a focus on rural/underserved areas, and expand nontraditional residency training programs.

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“…These differences are observed across pharmacy specialties and were investigated in a recent publication. 4 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Factors influencing performance on the Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist Examination: Passing rates and domain-level scores

Muckle

Dopheide

Gable

et al. 2021

Mental Health Clinician

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The Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist (BCPP) specialty certification was launched by the Board of Pharmacy Specialties in 1994. Candidates for the BCPP can qualify for the examination through 3 possible pathways: practice experience (4 years) in the specialty, completion of a PGY-1 residency plus an additional 2 years of practice experience, or completion of a PGY-2 specialty residency in psychiatric pharmacy. Recent fluctuations in the passing rate raised questions as to explanatory factors. This article represents the first published comprehensive study of candidate performance on the BCPP Examination. It describes a retrospective, observational study presenting (a) statistical trends of examination passing rates for biannual cohorts over the past 5 years, as well as (b) score distributions on the 3 performance domains of the certification. Pass-rate trend analyses suggest that variation in the proportion of eligibility pathway cohorts in the respective testing samples explains some of the fluctuation in passing rates. An analysis of variance of domain-level scores, using groups defined by eligibility pathway, yielded significant differences for nearly all group comparisons. Evaluation of the effect sizes suggest that the most disparate performance was observed on the core clinical domain, Patient-Centered Care. The results of this study are consistent with previously published research and will inform the upcoming role delineation study for the Psychiatric Pharmacy Certification.

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Exploring the relationship between examination pass rates and eligibility pathways among pharmacist candidates for initial board certification

Cited by 5 publications

References 4 publications

Pharmacy residency directors' concerns with implementing in‐training examinations in pharmacy residencies

Pharmacy residency directors' concerns with implementing in‐training examinations in pharmacy residencies

Charting a new path forward for pharmacy residency expansion

Factors influencing performance on the Board Certified Psychiatric Pharmacist Examination: Passing rates and domain-level scores

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