Exploring the predictors of depression among Saudi adolescents

Alyousefi, Nada A; Al-Rukban, Mohammed Othman; AlMana, Abdullah M.; AlTukhaim, Talal H.; AlMeflh, Basel A.; AlMutairi, Yazeed O.; AlMogheer, Omar S.

doi:10.15537/smj.2021.42.6.20200790

Cited by 12 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…These results align with those of a prior study in Jordan in 2017, which reported a 34% prevalence of moderate-to-severe depression [ 23 ]. Our results are also consistent with those of a similar study conducted in Saudi Arabia in 2019 using the same screening instrument [ 24 ]. However, our results are much higher and inconsistent with those of comparable studies conducted in developed nations, which found a prevalence rate of 4%-8.2% [ 25 ].…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Adolescent Depression Prevalence and Factors: A Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study

Abbasi,

Hyasat,

Alsha’er

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Objective There is a great deal of variation in the prevalence of adolescent depression among nations, but overall, it is a severe and common mental illness that is a major contributor to disability on a global scale. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of depression, the severity of its symptoms, and its characteristics among adolescents residing in Amman, Jordan, in 2023. Method A cross-sectional design was used to collect descriptive data from 784 adolescents from Jordan, aged between 14 and 17 years. Participants were administered the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 to assess the prevalence and severity of depression as well as measures of socio-demographics and health history. Significance was set at p ≤.05. Results The mean age was 15.56 +/- 1.077 with 55% female and 45% male participants, with a prevalence of moderate to severe depression of 32.4%. This study identified four significant predictors of depression: female sex, cigarette smoking, history of mental health problems, and family history of psychiatric disorders. Conclusion Our findings highlight the importance of directing prevention and intervention efforts toward adolescents, considering the projected increase in depression rates across the Arab region. This serves as a warning for policymakers and healthcare professionals to prioritize this demographic in their strategies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 92%

Adolescent Depression Prevalence and Factors: A Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study

Abbasi,

Hyasat,

Alsha’er

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…For instance, a study conducted in Saudi Arabia involving secondary school students revealed that 35.2% experienced anxiety and 30.8% dealt with depression [ 33 ]. Another Saudi study found that 32.4% of participants exhibited signs of depression [ 34 ]. Additionally, a population-based study in the UAE indicated that the overall prevalence of anxiety disorders among adolescents was 28.0% [ 35 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Adolescents’ electronic devices use during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to anxiety and depression levels: a cross-sectional study

Hamshari,

Yaseen,

Zayed

et al. 2024

BMC Psychiatry

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Background The aim of this study is to assess the prevalence of anxiety and depression symptoms among adolescent students in the West Bank region of Palestine, with a particular focus on the impact of electronic device usage on their mental well-being. Methods This cross-sectional study included a representative sample of 1,140 adolescents enrolled in governmental secondary schools. We targeted schools located in Nablus, Ramallah, and Hebron districts, which, respectively, represent the northern, central, and southern regions of the West Bank. We collected data on their sociodemographic characteristics, patterns of electronic device usage, scores from the Beck Depression Inventory-II, and the 7-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale, all gathered through a self-administered online questionnaire. To explore the independent relationship between anxiety, depression, and various factors, we calculated odds ratios and their corresponding 95% CI using a binary logistic regression model. Results The study revealed a prevalence of moderate to severe anxiety at 35.4% [95% CI: 32.7–38.3%] and moderate to severe depression at 23.9% [95% CI: 21.4–26.4%]. Notably, anxiety scores were significantly higher among females [OR = 3.8, 95% CI: 2.5–5.9], individuals with lower academic performance [OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1–5.4], and smokers [OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.1-3.0]. Similarly, significantly elevated depressive scores were observed among females [OR = 2.0, 95% CI: 1.3–3.1], those with lower academic performance [OR = 3.4, 95% CI: 2.1–5.4], and smokers [OR = 1.9, 95% CI: 1.3–2.8]. Conversely, students who used electronic devices for shorter durations were less likely to experience depression [OR = 0.49, 95% CI: 0.32–0.76] or anxiety [OR = 0.47, 95% CI: 0.32–0.69]. Conclusion Considering the alarming rates of anxiety and depression in adolescents, along with their connection to the time spent using electronic devices, we strongly recommend the creation of initiatives and support networks to alleviate this issue’s impact. Encouraging healthier lifestyles, such as reducing screen time and increasing physical activity, could potentially enhance the mental well-being of adolescents.

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“…The WHO labels it as "gaming disorder" and has defined it as impaired control over gaming, increasing priority given to gaming over other activities to the extent that gaming takes precedence over other interests and daily activities, and continuation or escalation of gaming time despite the occurrence of negative consequences. Current estimates suggest that video game addiction ranges between 1 and 15% in Europe and 3 and 8.5% in the US, while it is as high as approximately 14% in the UK and Korea and 17% in Iran; of note, 11.4% of the adolescents in Saudi Arabia are considered to be under a high level of stress [ 1 , 2 , 3 , 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Prevalence of Video Game Addiction and Its Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

Alrahili,

Alreefi,

Alkhonain

et al. 2023

Cureus

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Background and objectiveVideo games have become a popular source of entertainment among children and adolescents, not only targeting the young generation but also increasingly popular among older demographics as well. This study aimed to assess the association between video game addiction and depression, anxiety, and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) among children and adolescents in Saudi Arabia. Materials and methodsThis was a cross-sectional study involving Saudi adolescents aged 12-16 years. A self-administered online survey was distributed on social media (Twitter, WhatsApp, and Snapchat). The survey addressed sociodemographic characteristics (i.e., age, gender, area of residence city, etc.). Arabic versions of the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), the seven-item Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (PHQ-GAD7), the ADHD Rating Scale-IV (ADHD-RS), and the seven-item Game Addiction Scale (GAS-7) questionnaires were distributed as well, including Arabic terms for depression, anxiety, and ADHD. ResultsA total of 393 surveys were completed (males: 58.3% vs. females: 41.7%). Of note, 63.1% of the respondents reported playing video games every day with an average of more than five hours of gaming time per day (25.2%). The prevalence of video game addiction was 62.1%. Independent risk factors of video game addiction included being young in age, playing video games every day, playing more than three hours per day, and playing multiplayer games. Furthermore, our findings suggest that a higher video game addiction score is correlated with higher scores in inattention, anxiety, and depression. ConclusionThis study found a high prevalence of video game addiction among Saudi children and adolescents. Excessive video game playing negatively influences mental health and leads to issues including anxiety, depression, and ADHD. Also, younger males with an increased rate of regular playtime were more likely to exhibit video game addiction in comparison to the rest of the population. Further research is required to more comprehensively assess the prevalence rate of video game addiction and its effect on the mental health of the younger generation within the region.

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Exploring the predictors of depression among Saudi adolescents

Cited by 12 publications

References 35 publications

Adolescent Depression Prevalence and Factors: A Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescent Depression Prevalence and Factors: A Jordanian Cross-Sectional Study

Adolescents’ electronic devices use during the COVID-19 pandemic and its relationship to anxiety and depression levels: a cross-sectional study

The Prevalence of Video Game Addiction and Its Relation to Anxiety, Depression, and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in Children and Adolescents in Saudi Arabia: A Cross-Sectional Study

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