Exploring the Potential of Supported Ionic Liquids as Building Block Systems in Catalysis

Abstract

Supported ionic liquid catalysts have gained significant attention in recent years to overcome the limitations of the homogeneous and heterogeneous catalysis. The thin film containing dispersed homogeneous catalyst in the ionic liquid have been immobilized onto various porous solid supports having a high surface area to synthesize supported ionic liquids (SILs) that acted as potential organocatalysts in organic green synthesis. Support materials, ionic liquids, and molecularly dispersed catalysts have played a significant role in increasing the catalytic activity of the SIL catalysts. In the present review, the literature of the last decade concerning the synthesis of SIL catalysts by using different strategies as well as their applications in organic synthesis is incorporated. The main emphasis of the present work is to critically analyze the recent developments in the supported molecular dispersed catalysts (such as lewis acids, organometallic complexes, metal nanoparticles, and chemical functionality associated with cation/ anion of ionic liquids) using ILs and explore their potential to act as building block systems in catalysis.

Silica gel supported ionic liquids as effective and reusable catalysts for the synthesis of highly reactive polyisobutylene in non-polar media

“…However, the obtained numbers are comparable with those described for implemented supported catalysts. 47,50,54,56,60 Thus, based on the gathered evidence, we can conclude that silica gel supported ionic liquids with evolved surfaces were successfully prepared and could be considered as promising solid catalysts for conducting heterogeneous cationic polymerization of isobutylene.…”

“…However, the obtained numbers are comparable with those described for implemented supported catalysts. 47,50,54,56,60…”

“…In this regard, the supported catalysts look more attractive in terms of their simple separation from the reaction mixture and their recyclability. Various types of materials such as Al 2 O 3 , 46 TiO 2 , 47 polymers, 48 activated carbon 49 and others 50 can act as the supporting phase. In this context a special place is assigned to silica gel supported catalysts.…”

“…56 Several studies on the gas-phase cationic oligomerization of isobutylene or a C 4 mixture feed have also been recently reported. [57][58][59] However, despite growing interest in the application of supported catalysts in the catalysis of different organic reactions, 50,[60][61][62] to the best of our knowledge, little information is available on the use of supported catalysts in the cationic polymerization of isobutylene. Chung et al have reported the preparation of supported EtAlCl 2 63 and BF 3 64 on crystalline polyolefins and investigation of their behavior in the cationic polymerization of isobutylene.…”

Reusable Catalysts for Hydroformylation‐Based Reactions

“…Clarke [166] SulP1MOF-808(Hf)-Rh (49) [Rh(CO) 2 (acac)]/49 cyclopentene (T = 70°C, P = 30 bar) (CO/H 2 1 : 1), 16 h)…”