Abstract:A π-conjugated polymer is developed and shown to hold potential towards the development of organic redox ion- and electron-conducting materials for high-energy batteries.
“…( b ) PDHA CHEM reported in ref. 15 - potential range: 1.8 to 3.2 V vs. Li/Li + , rate: 1 mV s −1 . ( c ) PDHA E-CHEM - potential range: 2.0 to 3.6 V vs. Li/Li + , rate: 1 mV s −1 .
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The theoretical charge storage capacity for a two-electron redox process in BQ units of PDHA was estimated at 443 mAh g −1 . Given the relatively high electrical conductivity of 100 mS cm −1
15 , PDHA was also advanced with potential for high power performances.Figure 1Molecular design and target electrochemistry of the hybrid redox node - electron-conducting PDHA.
…”
The electrochemistry of poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) (PDHA), a novel hybrid molecular configuration with redox active sites and electrical charge conduction along the polymer chain, has been recently reported. The theoretical capacity of this material is estimated at 443 mAh g−1, with high power performances being proposed given the intrinsic electrical conductivity. However, the initial results were below the expectations: only half the theoretical capacity attained, poor cycling stability and modest power behavior calling for further investigations on improving these performances. Herein we detail the optimized chemical synthesis and electrode formulation for poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) resulting in improved cycling stability, power performances and defined electrochemical response. We also detail the alternative electrochemical synthesis and activation route for PDHA and compare the results with the chemical approach.
“…( b ) PDHA CHEM reported in ref. 15 - potential range: 1.8 to 3.2 V vs. Li/Li + , rate: 1 mV s −1 . ( c ) PDHA E-CHEM - potential range: 2.0 to 3.6 V vs. Li/Li + , rate: 1 mV s −1 .
…”
Section: Resultsmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…The theoretical charge storage capacity for a two-electron redox process in BQ units of PDHA was estimated at 443 mAh g −1 . Given the relatively high electrical conductivity of 100 mS cm −1
15 , PDHA was also advanced with potential for high power performances.Figure 1Molecular design and target electrochemistry of the hybrid redox node - electron-conducting PDHA.
…”
The electrochemistry of poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) (PDHA), a novel hybrid molecular configuration with redox active sites and electrical charge conduction along the polymer chain, has been recently reported. The theoretical capacity of this material is estimated at 443 mAh g−1, with high power performances being proposed given the intrinsic electrical conductivity. However, the initial results were below the expectations: only half the theoretical capacity attained, poor cycling stability and modest power behavior calling for further investigations on improving these performances. Herein we detail the optimized chemical synthesis and electrode formulation for poly(2,5-dihydroxyaniline) resulting in improved cycling stability, power performances and defined electrochemical response. We also detail the alternative electrochemical synthesis and activation route for PDHA and compare the results with the chemical approach.
“…There are already many organic compounds known to have redox activity both as positive and negative electrodes and further progress could enrich this library. [ 410,[419][420][421] Kampgen et al fabricated single-walled CNTs thin fi lm supercapacitors by spray coating aqueous dispersions on various substrates. [ 395 ] The CNT thin fi lms served as both, current collectors and charge storage electrodes.…”
Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning
confidence: 99%
“…[ 420,473 ] Chen et al designed smart and stretchable supercapacitors by coating thin transparent fi lms of CNTs followed by electrochromic polyaniline. [ 230 ] A hybrid polymer (polyaniline) -transition metal oxide (W 18 O 49 ) has been also proposed recently with smart energy level indicating functionality (i.e., electrochromic response).…”
Section: Wileyonlinelibrarycommentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Furthermore, since most of these materials are swollen by the battery electrolyte, there is no solid-state ion diffusion limitation, the rate performance being majorly dictated by the electronic conductivity of the composite electrode. [ 18,410,420 ] For instance, Song et al have prepared a series of graphene-electroactive polymer composites based on poly(anthraquinonyl sulfi de) and polyimide through a simple in situ polymerization process. [ 583 ] The highly dispersed polymer-graphene composite was found to sustain ultrafast charging and discharging, delivering more than 100 mAh g −1 at a cycling rate of 100 C (Figure 17 B).…”
Section: Graphene-inside Batteries and Capacitorsmentioning
all need to be used in conjugation with an energy storage system to provide smooth power leveling. Currently, electrochemical energy storage systems are by far the most optimal solutions for powering a broad range of technologies, expanding from compact and light-weighted portable electronic devices to stationary gridscale energy storage applications. [3][4][5][6] These energy storage devices (batteries and supercapacitors) store the available electrical energy in the form of chemical energy and release it whenever needed, by simply reversing the electrochemical reaction. [7][8][9][10][11] Among various available battery chemistries, lithium batteries and supercapacitors are the most promising technologies. [ 7,[9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20] Ever since the realization of the fi rst electrochemical energy storage cell by Alessandro Volta (end of 17th century), the working principle and its function has changed very little. [ 21,22 ] Basically, two redox couples (or charge storage electrodes), electrically and physically separated, are bridged by an ion conducting medium to constitute an electrochemical cell. This holds true also for modern Li-ion batteries, although the chemistry involved is much more complex. During operation, the electrons are transferred through an external circuit while ions shuttle through the electrolyte to counterbalance the depleted charge at the electrodes. [ 23 ] So far, much of the effort has been directed towards improvement of the energy and power characteristics by downsizing the active components, re-engineering the current collectors and separators, as well as fi ne-tuning the Batteries have become fundamental building blocks for the mobility of modern society. Continuous development of novel battery chemistries and electrode materials has nourished progress in building better batteries. Simultaneously, novel device form factors and designs with multi-functional components have been proposed, requiring batteries to not only integrate seamlessly to these devices, but to also be a multi-functional component for a multitude of applications. Thus, in the past decade, along with developments in the component materials, the focus has been shifting more and more towards novel fabrication processes, unconventional confi gurations, and additional functionalities. This work attempts to critically review the developments with respect to emerging electrochemical energy storage confi gurations, including, amongst others, paintable, transparent, fl exible, wire or cable shaped, ultra-thin and ultra-thick confi gurations, as well as hybrid energy storage-conversion, or graphene-incorporated batteries and supercapacitors. The performance requirements are elaborated together with the advantages, but also the limitations, with respect to established electrochemical energy storage technologies. Finally, challenges in developing novel materials with tailored properties that would allow such confi gurations, and in designing easier manufacturing techniques that can be widely adopted ar...
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