Exploring the Potential of Green Microalgae-Based Phycoremediation Treated Wastewater for Sustainable Concrete Production

Abstract

Wastewater pollution from domestic, industrial, and agricultural sources threatens the environment and human health. Traditional wastewater treatment methods are energy intensive, generate significant sludge, and may not remove all contaminants. This study explores the use of microalgae, Chlorella sorokinianana, to treat wastewater and evaluates its impact on concrete properties. The research aims to optimize microalgae growth conditions, set up nutrient-rich growth chambers, develop biomass separation methods, and assess the effects of microalgae-treated wastewater on concrete. Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to analyze concrete structures produced with microalgae-treated wastewater, freshwater, and sewage treatment plant (STP) water. Concrete from microalgae-treated wastewater exhibited euhedral crystals with pronounced gaps, while freshwater concrete had denser subhedral to anhedral crystals. STP water concrete consistently had lower strength values, possibly due to impurities affecting cement hydration. Microalgae-treated water concrete showed intermediate strength levels, suggesting organic or biological factors may influence hydration, but it still gained strength with time. This study underscores the potential of microalgae-treated wastewater for sustainable concrete production, highlighting the importance of further research to optimize conditions and promote environmentally friendly construction practices.