Exploring the potential of energy and terrain awareness information in a synthetic vision display for UAV control

Tadema, J.; Theunissen, E.; Lambregts, Tony

doi:10.1117/12.819257

Cited by 4 publications

(11 citation statements)

References 13 publications

(10 reference statements)

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“…Using predefined separation criteria, e.g., thresholds used to define a loss of separation or a collision hazard, the probing data indicates which ownship velocity vectors will lead to a future conflict and what the corresponding time to loss of separation is. 4 Like what was done for the Traffic Alert and Collision Avoidance System (TCAS) 5 Prescribed maneuvers are determined a priori based on a set of procedures (e.g., "right of way rules"). 6 Optimized maneuvers involve a rule-based decision among several avoidance options that minimizes a given cost function.…”

Section: A Methods For Resolving Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Earlier research has addressed the potential of conflict probing to support UAV pilots with the Detect, Sense and Avoid task [4] and the integration of vehicle maneuvering constraints [5,6]. PITL simulations, in which the potential of conflict probing to support level 3 traffic awareness was evaluated, have demonstrated advantages in terms of safer and more efficient maneuvering decisions [7].…”

Section: Conflict Probe and Pilot Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Method used for resolving conflicts (prescribed 5 , optimized 6 , or combination 7 thereof); 2. Ability to handle multiple intruders; 3.…”

Section: Requirements and Criteriamentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Separation Support for UAS

Tadema

Theinissen

Kirk

2010

AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2010

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Recent guidance from the U.S. Federal Aviation Administration suggests that self separation needs to be a component of an Unmanned Aircraft System Sense and Avoid solution. The greater time horizon associated with self separation allows for pilot-in-the-loop operation, and, in fact, the nature of self separation demands more pilot involvement. The ability to effectively conduct pilot-in-the-loop self separation will be critically dependent on decision aides and advanced displays that allow pilots to make accurate and timely maneuvering decisions. This paper starts with a presentation of eight criteria that should be considered when defining requirements for a future separation assurance and collision avoidance system. Using these criteria, it is illustrated how the concept of conflict probing and the associated scalability enables a range of possible implementations, specifically matched to the available data, interfaces and displays.

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Section: A Methods For Resolving Conflictsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Conflict Probe and Pilot Displaysmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Self-Separation Support for UAS

Tadema

Theinissen

Kirk

2010

AIAA Infotech@Aerospace 2010

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“…Additionally, a conflict avoidance function can be used to identify one or more possible avoidance maneuvers from the structure by applying criteria such as solution stability and maneuver cost [17]. Based on the Level Of Authority (LOA) for which the system is designed to operate, these identified avoidance maneuvers can either serve to support the pilot's decisions, or can be executed automatically.…”

Section: Display Integrationmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…[17] we addressed the stability of conflict avoidance options. An avoidance maneuver that is based on the same look-ahead distance as used by the triggered alerting function(s), is predicted to be conflict free, but might not be alert free for up to that distance.…”

Section: Solution Stability and Multivector Resolution Strategiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Beyond traffic depiction: conformally integrating the conflict space to support Level 3 situation awareness

2010

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The research described in this paper explores the addition of conformally integrated traffic probes into an egocentric Synthetic Vision (SV) Primary Flight Display (PFD). The underlying thought is that, although the traffic that is predicted to cause a future loss of separation may not lie within the field of view of the display, the location where the loss of separation is predicted to occur always will. Hence, rather than focusing on the depiction of traffic, which contributes to level 2 Situation Awareness (SA), the concept pursues spatially integrated depiction of the airspace where a loss of separation is predicted. This provides readily actionable conflict information, relieving pilots from the traffic position and conflict estimation task and contributing to level 3 SA. The paper describes the integration of the data from the traffic probe into an SV PFD. The advantages of the concept will be illustrated using several traffic conflict scenarios, including an overtaking scenario involving unmanned aircraft. Given that unmanned aircraft may be markedly slower than manned aircraft which operate within the same airspace, a spatially integrated depiction of airspace where a future loss of separation is predicted, can help to preserve safety in classes of airspace that accommodate both manned and unmanned aircraft. Additionally, examples are provided illustrating how traffic probes can support pilots in monitoring the conformance of traffic to the priority rules of 14 CFR 91.113.

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An integrated conflict avoidance concept for aviation

Tadema

Theunissen

2009

2009 IEEE/AIAA 28th Digital Avionics Systems Conference

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Conflict probing consists of predicting the future separation between ownship and hazards for a set of ownship velocity vectors, up to a predefined prediction horizon. Using predefined alert thresholds, the probing data indicates which ownship velocity vectors will lead to a future conflict and what the corresponding time to conflict is. This information can be used for automated conflict avoidance and for providing awareness and decision support in case operator involvement is desired. As probing is performed in real-time, the conflict space is continuously updated while the situation develops. E.g., unforeseen maneuvers of intruder aircraft will be reflected by corresponding changes of the conflict space. Probing data allows for the depiction of the predicted future separation on a display. Hence, it provides awareness without the need for the hazard itself to be displayed. Furthermore, conflict probing can provide a common framework for the computation of coordinated conflict avoidance maneuvers that include integration of multiple types of hazards and constraints such as vehicle performance and right-of-way rules. The concept is scalable in terms of probe dimensions, prediction algorithms, look-ahead time, alerting thresholds, types of hazards and level of operator involvement. Simulations can provide measures for determining minimal input data accuracy requirements, maximum look-ahead times and maneuver strategies that are least susceptible to uncertainties. The scalability enables a range of possible implementations, specifically matched to the concept of operation, the available data, interfaces and displays, allowing gradual implementation.

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Exploring the potential of energy and terrain awareness information in a synthetic vision display for UAV control

Cited by 4 publications

References 13 publications

Self-Separation Support for UAS

Self-Separation Support for UAS

Beyond traffic depiction: conformally integrating the conflict space to support Level 3 situation awareness

An integrated conflict avoidance concept for aviation

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