Exploring the potential of deep eutectic solvents in pharmaceuticals: Challenges and opportunities

Pharmaceutical applications of therapeutic deep eutectic systems (THEDES) in maximising drug delivery

“…For instance, if a drug molecule has polar functional groups that can form hydrogen bonds, the HBD component of THEDES can form hydrogen bonds with these groups, stabilizing the drug molecule and preventing it from precipitating out of solution. Similarly, if a drug molecule has non-polar functional groups, the HBA component of a THEDES can form van der Waals interactions with these groups, solubilizing the drug molecule and preventing it from aggregating [ 56 ]. Various pharmaceutical applications of THEDES are summarized in Fig.…”

Deep Eutectic Solvent/Surfactant-Engineered GO@TiO2 Advanced Material for Sustained and Ultrafast Adsorption of Hazardous Dye from Contaminated Aqueous Environment

“…Over the past four to five decades, significant progress has been made in various material categories. , Among these, carbon allotropes have generated significant interest because of their distinct properties and possible applications across a broad range of fields . Graphene, in particular, has emerged as a prominent carbon allotrope, utilized in its pure form and with composite structures in today’s scientific and engineering world .…”

“…The above DES components are readily available, cost-effective, and environmentally friendly . In recent times, DESs have found applications in nanomaterial synthesis, processing, and functionalization. ,, ChCl-based DES are used to modify adsorbents to extract dyes, metal ions, and pesticides from solid/liquid matrices. − The adaptability of DES combinations, coupled with customizable composition and functionality, enables efficient exfoliation of 2D nanosheets and functionalization of both carbon–metallic nanomaterials . Despite recent studies showcasing surface-functionalized presynthesized graphene–iron nanohybrids using DESs for analytical purposes, there is a notable absence of studies exploring the potential of DESs as coupling agents for linking GO and TiO 2 .…”

“…27 In recent times, DESs have found applications in nanomaterial synthesis, processing, and functionalization. 4,28,29 ChCl-based DES are used to modify adsorbents to extract dyes, metal ions, and pesticides from solid/liquid matrices. 30−33 The adaptability of DES combinations, coupled with customizable composition and functionality, enables efficient exfoliation of 2D nanosheets and functionalization of both carbon−metallic nanomaterials.…”

Solubility and Stability of Carvedilol in Deep Eutectic Solvents: A Step Towards a Sustainable Pharmaceutical Formulation in the Liquid State

“…Several studies have been published studying the solubility of different active ingredients (APIs) with these systems. [15][16][17][18][19] For instance some of these APIs are: thioacetazone with DES formed by choline chloride and urea; [20] mesalazine with choline chloride/ethylene glycol deep eutectic solvent; [21] ibuprofen, norfloxacin, and nateglinide with Larginine and 2-hydroxypropyl-ss-cyclodextrin; [22] hesperidin with choline chloride/citric acid, choline chloride/oxalic acid, choline chloride/malonic acid or choline chloride/lactic acid; acetazolamide with DES formed by betaine with glucosa, fructose or glycerol; [23] celecoxib with choline chloride and ethylene glycol or1,2-propanediol; [24] sertraline hydrochloride and clopidogrel bisulfate with DES formed by choline chloride and malonic acid; [25] acetaminophen in betaine/propylene glycol deep eutectic solvent; [26] furosemide and caffeine with DES formed by xylitol, fructose, glucose or sorbitol with choline chloride; [9,27] ibuprofen with xylitol and choline chloride. [28] Additionally, Therapeutical Deep Eutectic solvents (THEDES) have also appeared, where one of the components of the system is an API.…”