Exploring the potential of black tea based flavonoids against hyperlipidemia related disorders

Abstract

BackgroundIn recent decade, Hyperlipidemia related disorders like obesity, hypercholesterolemia and diabetes are considered as the leading killers for mankind. Fundamental nexus between nutrition and health diverting the consumers focus towards plant based natural products as a remedy against various metabolic syndrome. Considering this, present study was conducted to explicate the role of black tea polyphenols such as Theaflavins and thearubigins therapeutic potential to tackle targeted maladies especially oxidative stress related disorders like hypercholesterolemia and diabetes.MethodsThe mandate of current investigation was to explore the hypoglycemic and hypocholestrolemic perspective of isolated theaflavin and thearubigins through a model feeding trial. For the purpose, theaflavin & thearubigins were isolated from black tea through solvent partition method and utilize to form three types of nutraceutical drinks (theaflavin, thearubigins & theaflavin + thearubigins based) alongside control to be further utilized in bioefficacy trial. In bioefficacy trial, three types of independent studies were design on the bases of diet by involving 20 male wistar rats in each study (5 for each group). In study I, normal diet was administrated while, in study II & III high cholesterol and high sucrose diet was given, respectively along with prepared nutraceutical drinks to synchronize their therapeutic effect for a period of 56 days. At the termination of trial, Feed & drink intakes, body weight, total cholesterol, LDL, HDL, triglycerides, glucose and insulin levels were measured.ResultsThe results indicated reduction in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides levels of experimental rats in all studies with significant increase in HDL. In this context, theaflavin based drink imparted maximum reduction in cholesterol (3.75, 11.03 & 10.39%), LDL (3.84, 14.25& 10.84%) & triglycerides (2.99, 8.54 & 6.65%) in respective studies compared to thearubigins and theaflavin + thearubigins based drinks. However, theaflavin+ thearubigins based drink caused highest glucose decline and maximum insulin increase in all studies as compared to other nutraceutical drinks. The reported value for the insulin increase were 13.02 ± 1.02 & 14.55 ± 1.13, 10.09 ± 0.15 & 11.59 ± 0.86 for Hyperglycemic and Hypocholestrolemic rats respectively compared to control (7.84 ± 0.45 & 9.10 ± 0.41) for study I and II.ConclusionsIn the nutshell, theaflavin and thearubigins based dietary interventions are helpful to alleviate the hypercholestrolemia and hyperglycemia and should be promoted as parallel therapy to combat these disorders.

Anti-diabetic effects of a theaflavin-enriched black tea extract in the obese ZDF rat model

“…Our study showed pro-hyperglycemic effects by BTE as indicated by increased levels of fasted and fed glucose as well as lesser glucose tolerance, whereas levels of insulin were not changed significantly. This is in contrast to previous animal studies, where a decline in glucose as well as an increase in insulin sensitivity and glucose tolerance were demonstrated by the treatment with black tea extracts or theaflavins (Anderson and Polansky, 2002;Imran et al, 2018;Miyata et al, 2013;Ramadan et al, 2009). However, a double-blind randomized study with T2D patients showed no effects on HbA1c (Mackenzie et al, 2007) which reflect our observation where no changes of HbA1c were measured in the BTE group (data not shown).…”

“…In our study, BTE treatment also caused a reduction of weight gain which corresponded to a significant decline in levels of triglycerides and LDL, paralleled by an increase in FFAs. In previous studies, positive effects against dyslipidemia by BTE had been demonstrated by a decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triglycerides and/or increase in HDL or theaflavins (Imran et al, 2018;Mahmoud et al, 2016;Miyata et al, 2013;Naveed et al, 2018;Ramadan et al, 2009). Metformin is a widely used T2D drug which significantly decreased fasted blood glucose levels in ZDF rats and improved glucose tolerance.…”

“…An inhibition of inflammatory pathways in diabetic conditions by black tea is indicated by an increase of IL-10 and IL-17, and a decrease of IFN-γ and Creactive protein, respectively (Mahmoud et al, 2016;Naveed et al, 2018;Neyestani et al, 2010). In accordance to anti-diabetic effects of black tea, theaflavins showed anti-hyperglycemic (e.g., decline in glucose, increase in insulin sensitivity, scavenger activity for RCS) (Imran et al, 2018;Lo et al, 2006;Miyata et al, 2013) and anti-dyslipidemic effects (e.g., decrease in cholesterol, LDL and triacylglycerols; increase in HDL) (Imran et al, 2018). Recent studies showed an impact of black tea on weight reduction via lipid metabolism (Rothenberg et al, 2018).…”

Dictyostelium discoideum as a pharmacological model system to study the mechanisms of medicinal drugs and natural products

“…EGCG is one of the most abundant catechins in green tea (59% of total catechin) (Leung et al, 2001), and has potential health benefits in cancer treatments, autoimmune regulation and metabolic disease therapy (Legeay et al, 2015, Rawangkan et al, 2018. Theaflavins are found predominantly in black tea (Leung et al, 2001) and are thought to have neuroprotective, anti-inflammatory (Anandhan et al, 2013) and anti-hyperlipidaemia effects (Imran et al, 2018). In D. discoideum (Fig.…”

Inhibitory effect of black tea ( Camellia sinensis ) theaflavins and thearubigins against HCT 116 colon cancer cells and HT 460 lung cancer cells

“…This versatility had encouraged the supplementation of phytochemicals to modulate the onset of chronic ailments such as cancer and other metabolic syndromes (Gülçin, ; Taslimi & Gulçin, ). Theaflavins (TF) and thearubigins (TR) have been investigated against obesity, diabetes, and renal failure and found effective against these ailments owing to their antioxidant potential (Imran, Arshad et al, ; Imran, Butt et al, ).…”