Exploring the Potential Effects and Mechanisms of Asarum sieboldii Radix Essential Oil for Treatment of Asthma

Abstract

Asthma, a common chronic pulmonary disorder characterized by airway remodeling, hyperresponsiveness and obstruction, can be aggravated by repeated exposure to particulate matter (PM). The potential effect and mechanisms of Asarum sieboldii Radix essential oil (AEO) against asthma were explored based on network pharmacology. AEO was pre-treated using a nebulizer for 3 weeks and the mice were sensitized to ovalbumin (OVA) and PM10 with the co-treatment of AEO for 4 weeks. In addition, A549 lung epithelial cells were sensitized with PM10 to investigate the underlying mechanisms of AEO regarding the lung-fibrosis-related mediators. The target genes of methyl eugenol, a main compound of AEO, were highly matched by 48% with the gene set of asthma. AEO markedly inhibited the increase in epithelial thickness through the accumulation of goblet cells in the airways. Collagen deposition in the lung tissues of OVA+PM10-challenged asthmatic mice was significantly decreased by AEO. AEO also inhibited the influx of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, as well as the increases in serum IgE and IgG2a and cytokines in the lung tissues. Furthermore, AEO regulated the expressions of fibrotic mediators, especially POSTN and TGF-β. In conclusion, we expect that AEO can be one of the effective alternative therapeutics to relieve asthma.

Effects of low-dose filtered kretek cigarette smoke on bronchial smooth muscle in male Sprague-Dawley rats

“…(31) Based on the results of this study, research is needed to prove on the molecular level that low-dose filtered kretek cigarette smoke, at doses of 1 stick/day or 2 sticks/ day for 30 days has affected the genes that control collagen accumulation resulting in bronchial fibrosis in the rats. This is consistent with the results of research showing that exposure to cigarette smoke controls the gene expression of heat shock protein, (45)(46)(47) collagen type I, (31) collagen type III, (31,48) DNA methylation and histone modifications. (49) In addition to cigarette smoke, fibrosis in the lung tissue of Sprague-Dawley rats can also be caused by exposure to bleomycin and lipopolysaccharide.…”

Review on the Effects of Herbal Medicine on Respiratory Diseases in <italic>In Vivo</italic> Particulate Matter Models

“…연구가 이루어진 국가 분석 결과 총 34편의 연구 중 국내 연구 14편, 중국에서 이루어진 연구 20편으로 확인 되었다. 다른 물질로 호흡기 질환을 유발한 이후 미세먼 지를 노출시킨 연구는 5편으로, 그 중 4편의 연구 에서 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 투여하여 각각 2편 씩 천식 44,47 과 알레르기 천식 45,48 을 유발하였으며, 나머지 1편의 연구에서는 Cigarette smoke, Klebsiella pneumonia를 투여하여 만성폐쇄성폐질환(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)을 유발한 후 미세먼지에 노출시켰다 46 . 미세먼지의 투여 경로 를 분석한 결과, 천식 동물 모델을 활용한 4편의 연구 중, 2편의 연구 45,47 에서는 ovalbumin을 복강내 주사한 이후 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 intranasal로 함께 투여하였으며, 나머지 2편의 연구 44,48 38,42 가 각각 nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain (NOD)-like receptor protein 3 activator, potent ferroptosis-triggering agent, phosphoinositide 3-kinase (PI3K) inhibitor로 활용되었으며, 모든 약물이 미 세먼지에 대한 한약 치료 효과를 유의하게 억제하 였다.…”

“…미세먼지는 체내로 흡입되어 호흡기의 산화적 스트레스 및 염 증 반응을 유발하여 호흡기 손상과 기도개형을 일 으키고 기도 과민성을 증가시킨다 3,6 . 또한, 미세먼 지 노출은 폐기능을 저하시키고 급성 호흡기 감염 51 , 천식 11 , 만성폐쇄성폐질환 10 , 폐암 52 4편의 천식 연구 중 2편 45,47 에서는 ovalbumin을 복 강내 주사한 후 미세먼지와 ovalbumin을 intranasal 로 함께 투여하였으며, 나머지 2편 44,48…”

Protective effect of Xixin–Ganjiang herb pair for warming the lungs to dissolve phlegm in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease rats based on integrated network pharmacology and metabolomics

“…Xixin and its active compounds have a wide range of pharmacological effects, including anti‐inflammatory, neuroprotective, cardiovascular‐protective, antitussive, and expectorant effects (H. Z. Liu & Wang, 2022). Asarum essential oil can inhibit the influx of inflammatory cells in the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid, can regulate the expression of fibrotic mediators, and can be an effective alternative therapy for relieving asthma (Han et al, 2022). The active ingredients in Ganjiang have been shown to relax the airway smooth muscle, reduce airway hyperresponsiveness, and inhibit the production of pro‐inflammatory cytokines (Townsend et al, 2013; Yocum et al, 2020).…”