Exploring the potential benefits of Ethanol Direct Injection (EDI) timing and pressure on particulate emission characteristics in a Dual-Fuel Spark Ignition (DFSI) engine

The effect of a pine oil/diesel blend on the particulate emission characteristics of a diesel engine under a pre-injection strategy with EGR

“…14 The adoption of renewable oxygenated fuel is not only one of the effective measures for engines to achieve low emissions, but also can reduce excessive consumption of fossil energy. 15…”

“…14 The adoption of renewable oxygenated fuel is not only one of the effective measures for engines to achieve low emissions, but also can reduce excessive consumption of fossil energy. 15 Pine oil is a new oxygenated renewable fuel derived from pine trees that are widely grown around the world. The low caloric value of pine oil is comparable with diesel, so it can be used in engines to provide comparable power output with diesel and meet the requirements of engine dynamics.…”