Exploring the phytochemical profile of green grasses with special reference to antioxidant properties

Abstract

The present study was conducted to evaluate the phytochemical profile of green grasses including barley and wheat. Green grasses were procured from Ayub Agricultural Research Institute, Faisalabad, Pakistan. All the phytochemical parameters were determined through standard methods with slight modifications. The explored parameters include proximate analysis, mineral profile, vitamin profile, and especially antioxidant profile (total phenolic contents (TPCs), free radical scavenging activity, flavonoids, and phenolic acids). The results portrayed that there was a significant difference between the proximate parameters, vitamin, and minerals profile of both barley and wheatgreen grasses. The antioxidant profileantioxidant activity (283.5%) and free radical scavenging activity (99.29%)of barley grass was much higher than wheatgrass. The TPCs (203.52 µmol of GAE/g) and flavonoids (161.12 μmol/L) were much higher in wheatgrass as compared to barley grass. Barley grass showed maximum contents of phenolic acids including benzoic acid (73.84 µg/g), caffeic acid (86.61 µg/g), gallic acid (6.33 µg/g), syringic acid (170.46 µg/g), p-hydroxybenzoic acid (42.52 µg/g), and Ferulic acid (1560.3 µg/g). Conclusively, barley grass showed higher antioxidant potential.

Antioxidant and antibacterial properties of lemon, sweet, and cereal grasses

“…These findings are supported by previously reported investigations led by Qamar et al. (2018), who showed that the free radical scavenging activity of barley grass was much higher than that of wheat grass.…”

“…The research presented here revealed the significant influence (p < .05) of both solvent system and grass type on each sample's antioxidant activity (Tables 2 and 3). Qamar et al (2018), who showed that the free radical scavenging activity of barley grass was much higher than that of wheat grass.…”

“…Their bioactive profile and activities are highly correlated with their stage of growth (seeds, sprouts, or grasses), days after germination, or height of plant (Niroula et al., 2019; Skoczylas et al., 2018). Many of them, such as wheat grass or young barley grass, have traditionally been used as an herbal medicine in a number of serious diseases (Qamar et al., 2018). Wheat grass ( Triticum aestivum ) has many nutritional properties, such as anti‐inflammatory, anticarcinogenic, immunomodulatory, diuretic, and antibacterial (Rana et al., 2011).…”

Effect of aqueous extract of barley and wheat grass in stress induced depression in Swiss mice

“…The TFC of barley grass in the present study was higher than the study done by Panthi M et al., 2020 which contains only 18.94–45.76 mg QE/g dried extracts of barley grass [ 8 ]. Similarly, the total flavonoid content of wheatgrass extract was higher than 160.10 μmol of quercetin/g equivalent in the study conducted by Qamar A et al., 2018 compared to the present study [ 45 ].…”

Nutritional Quality and Safety of the Spirulina Dietary Supplements Sold on the Slovenian Market

“…The lowest value among all samples was in S9, a mixed sample containing wheatgrass, barley grass, Chlorella and Spirulina , i.e., 15.2 (for 3 g of supplement/day)–50.6 mg/day (for 10 g of supplement/day). This most likely results from the lower amount of Spirulina and Chlorella algae in the supplement, especially since Spirulina and Chlorella typically contain much higher phosphorous content than cereal grasses [ 13 , 15 , 37 ]. Like Ca, if the Spirulina supplement consumption remains within the RDI, the UL determined for P (3000 mg/day) [ 36 ] is unlikely to be exceeded.…”