Exploring the phototoxicity of GSH-resistant 2-(5,6-dichloro-1<i>H</i>-benzo[<i>d</i>]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline-based Ir(<scp>iii</scp>)-PTA complexes in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells

Das, Utpal; Paira, Priyankar

doi:10.1039/d3dt04361d

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 60 publications

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“…spectra of both Retp and ReFctp after GSH addition, indicating that these complexes were glutathione resistant (Figure S10). 50 TDDFT Studies. The optimized ground state molecular structure of Retp and ReFctp was obtained using the rangeseparated hybrid functional ω-B97XD and def2-SVP basis set employing the CPCM solvation model in water (Figure S11).…”

Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Kushwaha,

Upadhyay,

Peters

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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We have red-shifted the light absorbance property of a Re(I)-tricarbonyl complex via distant conjugation of a ferrocene moiety and developed a novel complex ReFctp, [Re(Fctp)(CO) 3 Cl], where Fctp = 4′-ferrocenyl-2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine. ReFctp showed green to red light absorption ability and blue emission, indicating its potential for photodynamic therapy (PDT) application. The conjugation of ferrocene introduced ferrocenebased transitions, which lie at a higher wavelength within the PDT therapeutic window. The time-dependent density functional theory and excited state calculations revealed an efficient intersystem crossing for ReFctp, which is helpful for PDT. ReFctp elicited both PDT type I and type II pathways for reactive oxygen species (ROS) generation and facilitated NADH (1,4-dihydro-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) oxidation upon exposure to visible light. Importantly, ReFctp showed effective penetration through the layers of clinically relevant 3D multicellular tumor spheroids and localized primarily in mitochondria (Pearson's correlation coefficient, PCC = 0.65) of A549 cancer cells. ReFctp produced more than 20 times higher phototoxicity (IC 50 ∼1.5 μM) by inducing ROS generation and altering mitochondrial membrane potential in A549 cancer cells than the nonferrocene analogue Retp, [Re(CO) 3 (tp)Cl], where tp = 2,2′:6′,2″-terpyridine. ReFctp induced apoptotic mode of cell death with a notable photocytotoxicity index (PI, PI = IC 50dark /IC 50light ) and selectivity index (SI, SI = normal cell's IC 50dark /cancer cell's IC 50light ) in the range of 25−33.

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Section: ■ Experimental Sectionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Kushwaha,

Upadhyay,

Peters

et al. 2024

Langmuir

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Targeted Chemo‐Phototherapy in Red Light with Novel Doxorubicin and Iron(III) Complex‐Functionalized Gold Nanoconjugate (Dox‐Fe@FA‐AuNPs)

Pal,

Bera,

Masarkar

et al. 2024

Chemistry An Asian Journal

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The anticancer efficacy of doxorubicin, an anthracycline‐based and FDA‐approved chemotherapeutic drug, is significantly hindered by acquired chemoresistance and severe side effects, despite its potent anticancer properties. To overcome these challenges, we developed an innovative therapeutic formulation that integrates targeted chemotherapy and phototherapy within a single platform using gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). This novel nanoconjugate, designated as Dox‐Fe@FA‐AuNPs, is co‐functionalized with folic acid, doxorubicin, and an iron(III)‐phenolate/carboxylate complex, enabling cancer‐specific drug activation. Here, we report the synthesis, characterization, and comprehensive physico‐chemical and biological evaluations of Dox‐Fe@FA‐AuNPs. The nanoconjugate exhibited excellent solubility, stability, and enhanced cellular uptake in folate receptor‐positive cancer cells. The nanoconjugate was potently cytotoxic against HeLa and MDA‐MB‐231 cancer cells (HeLa: 105.5 ± 16.52 µg mL‐1; MDA‐MB‐231: 112.0 ± 12.31 µg mL‐1; MDA‐MB‐231 (3D): 156.31 ± 19.35 µg mL‐1) while less cytotoxic to the folate(‐) cancer cells (MCF‐7, A549 and HepG2). The cytotoxicity was attributed to the pH‐dependent release of doxorubicin, which preferentially occurs in the acidic tumor microenvironment. Additionally, under red light irradiation, the nanoconjugate generated ROS, inducing caspase‐3/7‐dependent apoptosis with a photo‐index (PI) >50, and inhibited cancer cell migration. Our findings underscore the potential of Dox‐Fe@FA‐AuNPs as a highly effective and sustainable platform for targeted chemo‐phototherapy.

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Understanding structural isomerism in organoiridium picolinamidate complexes and its consequences on reactivity and biological properties

Nguyen,

Laconsay,

Jana

et al. 2024

Inorg. Chem. Front.

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Exploring the phototoxicity of GSH-resistant 2-(5,6-dichloro-1H-benzo[d]imidazol-2-yl)quinoline-based Ir(iii)-PTA complexes in MDA-MB-231 cancer cells

Abstract: Metal complexes play a crucial role in photo-activated chemotherapy (PACT), which has recently been used to treat specific disorders. Triple-negative breast cancer has an enormously high rate of relapse due...

Cited by 3 publications

References 60 publications

Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Visible and Red Light-Triggered Anticancer Profile of a Ferrocene-Re(I)-Tricarbonyl Conjugate: Experimental and Theoretical Studies

Targeted Chemo‐Phototherapy in Red Light with Novel Doxorubicin and Iron(III) Complex‐Functionalized Gold Nanoconjugate (Dox‐Fe@FA‐AuNPs)

Understanding structural isomerism in organoiridium picolinamidate complexes and its consequences on reactivity and biological properties

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